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Family Structure through the Adolescent Eyes: A Comparative Study of Current Status and Time Trends over Three Decades of HBSC Study

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  • Apolinaras Zaborskis

    (Faculty of Public Health, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania)

  • Aistė Kavaliauskienė

    (Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania)

  • Charli Eriksson

    (Department of Public Health, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden)

  • Elitsa Dimitrova

    (Institute for Population and Human Studies, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences & Plovdiv University Paisii Hilendarski, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria)

  • Joana Makari

    (Department of Pediatrics, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, SE-22185 Lund, Sweden)

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate how family structure varies and identify its time trends in European and North American countries using data from seven surveys conducted between 1994 and 2018 according to the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study. The current family structure in 44 countries was described and time trend analysis of 28 countries was performed. Adolescents were asked whom they lived with in their home to describe family structures. Family structures showed distinct patterns and dynamics between countries. In 2018, in all countries, 73% of adolescents lived with both their mother and father; 14% and 5% of adolescents lived in a single-parent family and stepfamily, respectively; and around 9% of adolescents lived in another family type. In the period 1994–2018, the proportion of young people living in intact families decreased from 79.6% to 70.0%, on average about 10 percentage points. There were no significant changes in the prevalence of single-parent families and stepfamilies, but a significant increase in the number of adolescents living without either parent was revealed. The findings have implications for cross-national adjustment of adolescent health, well-being, and behaviours, and for critical analysis of socioeconomic family resources.

Suggested Citation

  • Apolinaras Zaborskis & Aistė Kavaliauskienė & Charli Eriksson & Elitsa Dimitrova & Joana Makari, 2022. "Family Structure through the Adolescent Eyes: A Comparative Study of Current Status and Time Trends over Three Decades of HBSC Study," Societies, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-16, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsoctx:v:12:y:2022:i:3:p:88-:d:828550
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Petra Rattay & Elena von der Lippe & Elvira Mauz & Felicitas Richter & Heike Hölling & Cornelia Lange & Thomas Lampert, 2018. "Health and health risk behaviour of adolescents—Differences according to family structure. Results of the German KiGGS cohort study," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(3), pages 1-19, March.
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