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Childhood Adversity and Life Satisfaction in Adults with Alternative Care Experience in 12 Low- and Middle-Income Nations: The Mediating Roles of Individual and Relational Protective Factors and Resilience

Author

Listed:
  • Nicole Gilbertson Wilke

    (CAFO Center for Applied Research for Vulnerable Children and Families, Arequipa 04000, Peru)

  • Megan Roberts

    (Department of Education, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA)

  • Lindsey Newsom

    (College of Osteopathic Medicine, Liberty University, Lynchburg, VA 24515, USA)

  • Tony Mitchell

    (Christian Alliance for Orphans, McLean, VA 22101, USA)

  • Amanda Hiles Howard

    (Department of Psychology, Samford University, Homewood, AL 35229, USA)

Abstract

Adults with care experience have elevated rates of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and a greater likelihood of poor outcomes. Some research has examined how protective factors and resilience impact outcomes among care leavers, but few studies include those from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Further, little work has examined the interactive impact of protective factors and resilience in this population. We investigated (a) the prevalence of ACEs among care leavers from LMICs, the mediating roles of (b) resilience and (c) individual and relational protective factors on the relationship between ACEs and life satisfaction, and (d) whether mediation was occurring both in parallel and sequentially. Five hundred forty-two care leavers from twelve LMICs completed an online survey. Participants completed the Brief Resilience Scale, ACEs Questionnaire, and open-ended questions regarding care experiences. Open-ended questions were coded for protective factors. There was a high prevalence of ACEs among care leavers. The relationship between ACEs and life satisfaction was partially mediated by resilience. Individual and relational protective factors partially mediated the relationship between ACEs and life satisfaction. Finally, resilience and protective factors partially mediated the relationship between ACEs and life satisfaction in both parallel and sequential mediation among care leavers from LMICs. Protective factors operate interactively to influence resilience, increasing life satisfaction among care leavers from LMICs.

Suggested Citation

  • Nicole Gilbertson Wilke & Megan Roberts & Lindsey Newsom & Tony Mitchell & Amanda Hiles Howard, 2024. "Childhood Adversity and Life Satisfaction in Adults with Alternative Care Experience in 12 Low- and Middle-Income Nations: The Mediating Roles of Individual and Relational Protective Factors and Resil," Social Sciences, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-17, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jscscx:v:13:y:2024:i:10:p:551-:d:1500209
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. van Breda, Adrian D. & Dickens, Lisa, 2017. "The contribution of resilience to one-year independent living outcomes of care-leavers in South Africa," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 264-273.
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