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Racial Profiling, Surveillance and Over-Policing: The Over-Incarceration of Young First Nations Males in Australia

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  • Grace O’Brien

    (School of Early Childhood and Inclusive Education, Faculty of Creative Industries, Education and Social Justice, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia)

Abstract

Historically, countries such as Australia, Canada and New Zealand have witnessed an increased over-representation of minority groups who are exposed to the criminal justice system. For many years in Australia, young First Nations males have been over-represented in the juvenile justice system in all states and territories. Many of these young males have disengaged from their schooling early, some through deliberate exclusion from the education system and others by choice. However, the choices for many young First Nations males may not be as clear cut as first might seem. This paper shows that over-representation in the juvenile justice system may be as a direct result of racial profiling, surveillance and over-policing of First Nations peoples within Australia. The literature addresses the ways in which young First Nations males experience these phenomena from an early age, and the long-term effects and consequences that can arise from these occurrences. An analysis of the current research both internationally and within Australia is thus conducted.

Suggested Citation

  • Grace O’Brien, 2021. "Racial Profiling, Surveillance and Over-Policing: The Over-Incarceration of Young First Nations Males in Australia," Social Sciences, MDPI, vol. 10(2), pages 1-10, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jscscx:v:10:y:2021:i:2:p:68-:d:497420
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Shepherd, Carrington C.J. & Li, Jianghong & Cooper, Matthew N. & Hopkins, Katrina D. & Farrant, Brad M., 2017. "The impact of racial discrimination on the health of Australian Indigenous children aged 5-10 years: analysis of national longitudinal data," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 16, pages 1-1.
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