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Potential Determinants of Cardio-Metabolic Risk among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review

Author

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  • Christopher D. McKay

    (Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia)

  • Eamon O’Bryan

    (Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
    Global Adolescent Health Group, Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
    St Vincent’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3065, Australia)

  • Lina Gubhaju

    (Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia)

  • Bridgette McNamara

    (Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia)

  • Alison J. Gibberd

    (Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia)

  • Peter Azzopardi

    (Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
    Global Adolescent Health Group, Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
    Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia)

  • Sandra Eades

    (Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia)

Abstract

Prevention initiatives during childhood and adolescence have great potential to address the health inequities experienced by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (Indigenous) populations in Australia by targeting modifiable risk factors for cardio-metabolic diseases. We aimed to synthesize existing evidence about potential determinants of cardio-metabolic risk markers—obesity, elevated blood pressure, elevated blood glucose, abnormal lipids, or a clustering of these factors known as the metabolic syndrome (MetS)—for Indigenous children and adolescents. We systematically searched six databases for journal articles and three websites for relevant grey literature. Included articles ( n = 47) reported associations between exposures (or interventions) and one or more of the risk markers among Indigenous participants aged 0–24 years. Data from 18 distinct studies about 41 exposure–outcome associations were synthesized (by outcome: obesity [ n = 18]; blood pressure [ n = 9]; glucose, insulin or diabetes [ n = 4]; lipids [ n = 5]; and MetS [ n = 5]). Obesity was associated with each of the other cardio-metabolic risk markers. Larger birth size and higher area-level socioeconomic status were associated with obesity; the latter is opposite to what is observed in the non-Indigenous population. There were major gaps in the evidence for other risk markers, as well as by age group, geography, and exposure type. Screening for risk markers among those with obesity and culturally appropriate obesity prevention initiatives could reduce the burden of cardio-metabolic disease.

Suggested Citation

  • Christopher D. McKay & Eamon O’Bryan & Lina Gubhaju & Bridgette McNamara & Alison J. Gibberd & Peter Azzopardi & Sandra Eades, 2022. "Potential Determinants of Cardio-Metabolic Risk among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(15), pages 1-32, July.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:15:p:9180-:d:873130
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Shepherd, Carrington C.J. & Li, Jianghong & Cooper, Matthew N. & Hopkins, Katrina D. & Farrant, Brad M., 2017. "The impact of racial discrimination on the health of Australian Indigenous children aged 5-10 years: analysis of national longitudinal data," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 16, pages 1-1.
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    4. Katherine A. Thurber & Emily Colonna & Roxanne Jones & Gilbert C. Gee & Naomi Priest & Rubijayne Cohen & David R. Williams & Joanne Thandrayen & Tom Calma & Raymond Lovett & on behalf of the Mayi Kuwa, 2021. "Prevalence of Everyday Discrimination and Relation with Wellbeing among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Adults in Australia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(12), pages 1-18, June.
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    Cited by:

    1. Eamon O’Bryan & Christopher D. McKay & Sandra Eades & Lina Gubhaju & Odette Pearson & Jessica A. Kerr & Alex Brown & Peter S. Azzopardi, 2023. "Cardiometabolic Risk Markers for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Children and Youths: A Systematic Review of Data Quality and Population Prevalence," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(13), pages 1-19, June.
    2. Rona Macniven & Christopher D. McKay & Simon Graham & Lina Gubhaju & Robyn Williams & Anna Williamson & Grace Joshy & John Robert Evans & Robert Roseby & Bobby Porykali & Aryati Yashadhana & Rebecca I, 2023. "Social and Behavioural Correlates of High Physical Activity Levels among Aboriginal Adolescent Participants of the Next Generation: Youth Wellbeing Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(4), pages 1-15, February.

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