IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jrisks/v9y2021i4p77-d536622.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Nonparametric Estimation of Extreme Quantiles with an Application to Longevity Risk

Author

Listed:
  • Catalina Bolancé

    (Department Econometrics, Riskcenter-IREA, Universitat de Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain)

  • Montserrat Guillen

    (Department Econometrics, Riskcenter-IREA, Universitat de Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain)

Abstract

A new method to estimate longevity risk based on the kernel estimation of the extreme quantiles of truncated age-at-death distributions is proposed. Its theoretical properties are presented and a simulation study is reported. The flexible yet accurate estimation of extreme quantiles of age-at-death conditional on having survived a certain age is fundamental for evaluating the risk of lifetime insurance. Our proposal combines a parametric distributions with nonparametric sample information, leading to obtain an asymptotic unbiased estimator of extreme quantiles for alternative distributions with different right tail shape, i.e., heavy tail or exponential tail. A method for estimating the longevity risk of a continuous temporary annuity is also shown. We illustrate our proposal with an application to the official age-at-death statistics of the population in Spain.

Suggested Citation

  • Catalina Bolancé & Montserrat Guillen, 2021. "Nonparametric Estimation of Extreme Quantiles with an Application to Longevity Risk," Risks, MDPI, vol. 9(4), pages 1-23, April.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jrisks:v:9:y:2021:i:4:p:77-:d:536622
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9091/9/4/77/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9091/9/4/77/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Chen, Hua & Cummins, J. David, 2010. "Longevity bond premiums: The extreme value approach and risk cubic pricing," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 46(1), pages 150-161, February.
    2. Les Mayhew & David Smith, 2014. "Gender Convergence in Human Survival and the Postponement of Death," North American Actuarial Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 18(1), pages 194-216.
    3. Chen, An & Guillen, Montserrat & Vigna, Elena, 2018. "Solvency Requirement In A Unisex Mortality Model," ASTIN Bulletin, Cambridge University Press, vol. 48(3), pages 1219-1243, September.
    4. Shang, Han Lin & Haberman, Steven, 2020. "Forecasting age distribution of death counts: an application to annuity pricing," Annals of Actuarial Science, Cambridge University Press, vol. 14(1), pages 150-169, March.
    5. Bolance, Catalina & Guillen, Montserrat & Nielsen, Jens Perch, 2003. "Kernel density estimation of actuarial loss functions," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 32(1), pages 19-36, February.
    6. Eric Stallard, 2006. "Demographic Issues in Longevity Risk Analysis," Journal of Risk & Insurance, The American Risk and Insurance Association, vol. 73(4), pages 575-609, December.
    7. Jan W. H. Swanepoel & Francois C. Van Graan, 2005. "A New Kernel Distribution Function Estimator Based on a Non‐parametric Transformation of the Data," Scandinavian Journal of Statistics, Danish Society for Theoretical Statistics;Finnish Statistical Society;Norwegian Statistical Association;Swedish Statistical Association, vol. 32(4), pages 551-562, December.
    8. Ugofilippo Basellini & Carlo Giovanni Camarda, 2019. "Modelling and forecasting adult age-at-death distributions," Population Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 73(1), pages 119-138, January.
    9. Bolancé, Catalina & Guillén, Montserrat & Nielsen, Jens Perch, 2008. "Inverse beta transformation in kernel density estimation," Statistics & Probability Letters, Elsevier, vol. 78(13), pages 1757-1764, September.
    10. Leslie Mayhew & David Smith, 2011. "Human Survival at Older Ages and the Implications for Longevity Bond Pricing," North American Actuarial Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 15(2), pages 248-265.
    11. Waldron, Ingrid, 1993. "Recent trends in sex mortality ratios for adults in developed countries," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 36(4), pages 451-462, February.
    12. Carter, Lawrence R. & Lee, Ronald D., 1992. "Modeling and forecasting US sex differentials in mortality," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 8(3), pages 393-411, November.
    13. Alemany, Ramon & Bolancé, Catalina & Guillén, Montserrat, 2013. "A nonparametric approach to calculating value-at-risk," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 52(2), pages 255-262.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Mogens Steffensen, 2022. "Special Issue “Risks: Feature Papers 2021”," Risks, MDPI, vol. 10(3), pages 1-2, March.
    2. Catalina Bolancé & Carlos Alberto Acuña, 2021. "A New Kernel Estimator of Copulas Based on Beta Quantile Transformations," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 9(10), pages 1-16, May.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Blake, David & El Karoui, Nicole & Loisel, Stéphane & MacMinn, Richard, 2018. "Longevity risk and capital markets: The 2015–16 update," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 157-173.
    2. Blake, David & Cairns, Andrew J.G., 2021. "Longevity risk and capital markets: The 2019-20 update," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 99(C), pages 395-439.
    3. Ramon Alemany & Catalina Bolance & Montserrat Guillen, 2014. "Accounting for severity of risk when pricing insurance products," Working Papers 2014-05, Universitat de Barcelona, UB Riskcenter.
    4. David Blake & Marco Morales & Enrico Biffis & Yijia Lin & Andreas Milidonis, 2017. "Special Edition: Longevity 10 – The Tenth International Longevity Risk and Capital Markets Solutions Conference," Journal of Risk & Insurance, The American Risk and Insurance Association, vol. 84(S1), pages 515-532, April.
    5. Ramon ALEMANY & Catalina BOLANCÉ & Montserrat GUILLÉN & Alemar E. PADILLA-BARRETO, 2016. "Combining Parametric And Non-Parametric Methods To Compute Value-At-Risk," ECONOMIC COMPUTATION AND ECONOMIC CYBERNETICS STUDIES AND RESEARCH, Faculty of Economic Cybernetics, Statistics and Informatics, vol. 50(4), pages 61-74.
    6. Alemany, Ramon & Bolancé, Catalina & Guillén, Montserrat, 2013. "A nonparametric approach to calculating value-at-risk," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 52(2), pages 255-262.
    7. Ainhoa-Elena Léger & Stefano Mazzuco, 2021. "What Can We Learn from the Functional Clustering of Mortality Data? An Application to the Human Mortality Database," European Journal of Population, Springer;European Association for Population Studies, vol. 37(4), pages 769-798, November.
    8. Ramon Alemany & Catalina Bolancé & Montserrat Guillén, 2012. "Nonparametric estimation of Value-at-Risk," Working Papers XREAP2012-19, Xarxa de Referència en Economia Aplicada (XREAP), revised Oct 2012.
    9. Catalina Bolance & Montserrat Guillen & David Pitt, 2014. "Non-parametric Models for Univariate Claim Severity Distributions - an approach using R," Working Papers 2014-01, Universitat de Barcelona, UB Riskcenter.
    10. Ahbab Mohammad Fazle Rabbi & Stefano Mazzuco, 2021. "Mortality Forecasting with the Lee–Carter Method: Adjusting for Smoothing and Lifespan Disparity," European Journal of Population, Springer;European Association for Population Studies, vol. 37(1), pages 97-120, March.
    11. Enrico Biffis & David Blake & Lorenzo Pitotti & Ariel Sun, 2016. "The Cost of Counterparty Risk and Collateralization in Longevity Swaps," Journal of Risk & Insurance, The American Risk and Insurance Association, vol. 83(2), pages 387-419, June.
    12. Jackie Li & Jia Liu, 2020. "A modified extreme value perspective on best-performance life expectancy," Journal of Population Research, Springer, vol. 37(4), pages 345-375, December.
    13. Buch-Kromann, Tine & Guillén, Montserrat & Linton, Oliver & Nielsen, Jens Perch, 2011. "Multivariate density estimation using dimension reducing information and tail flattening transformations," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 48(1), pages 99-110, January.
    14. David Blake & Christophe Courbage & Richard MacMinn & Michael Sherris, 2011. "Longevity Risk and Capital Markets: The 2010–2011 Update," The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance - Issues and Practice, Palgrave Macmillan;The Geneva Association, vol. 36(4), pages 489-500, October.
    15. David Pitt & Montserrat Guillen & Catalina Bolancé, 2011. "Estimation of Parametric and Nonparametric Models for Univariate Claim Severity Distributions - an approach using R," Working Papers XREAP2011-06, Xarxa de Referència en Economia Aplicada (XREAP), revised Jun 2011.
    16. Ugofilippo Basellini & Søren Kjærgaard & Carlo Giovanni Camarda, 2020. "An age-at-death distribution approach to forecast cohort mortality," Working Papers axafx5_3agsuwaphvlfk, French Institute for Demographic Studies.
    17. Helena Chuliá & Montserrat Guillén & Jorge M. Uribe, 2015. "Mortality and Longevity Risks in the United Kingdom: Dynamic Factor Models and Copula-Functions," Working Papers 2015-03, Universitat de Barcelona, UB Riskcenter.
    18. de Jong, Piet & Tickle, Leonie & Xu, Jianhui, 2016. "Coherent modeling of male and female mortality using Lee–Carter in a complex number framework," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 130-137.
    19. Basellini, Ugofilippo & Kjærgaard, Søren & Camarda, Carlo Giovanni, 2020. "An age-at-death distribution approach to forecast cohort mortality," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 129-143.
    20. Eling, Martin & Loperfido, Nicola, 2017. "Data breaches: Goodness of fit, pricing, and risk measurement," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 126-136.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jrisks:v:9:y:2021:i:4:p:77-:d:536622. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.