IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jrisks/v9y2021i4p65-d528959.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Impact of Income on Life Expectancy: A Challenge for the Pension Policy

Author

Listed:
  • Damian Walczak

    (Faculty of Economic Sciences and Management, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarina 13A, 87-100 Toruń, Poland)

  • Jacek Wantoch-Rekowski

    (Faculty of Law and Administration, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bojarskiego 3, 87-100 Toruń, Poland)

  • Robert Marczak

    (Department of Social Insurance, Warsaw School of Economics, Aleja Niepodległości 162, 02-554 Warszawa, Poland)

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to present life expectancy of both genders depending on their income and to determine the impact of a possible regularity on the state pension policy. The study was based on the income of pensioners in Poland (over 5 million people receiving old-age pension). The results obtained made it possible to formulate several important conclusions: the rich live longer; the impact of income on life expectancy is much stronger among men than women; and with age, income has less and less impact on life expectancy. Consequently, in the capital model that is in force in Poland, the state should take this fact into account in its pension policy when calculating the amount of the benefit.

Suggested Citation

  • Damian Walczak & Jacek Wantoch-Rekowski & Robert Marczak, 2021. "Impact of Income on Life Expectancy: A Challenge for the Pension Policy," Risks, MDPI, vol. 9(4), pages 1-13, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jrisks:v:9:y:2021:i:4:p:65-:d:528959
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9091/9/4/65/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9091/9/4/65/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Chapman, Kenneth S & Hariharan, Govind, 1996. "Do Poor People Have a Stronger Relationship between Income and Mortality Than the Rich? Implications of Panel Data for Health-Health Analysis," Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, Springer, vol. 12(1), pages 51-63, January.
    2. Igor Fedotenkov & Pavel Derkachev, 2020. "Gender longevity gap and socioeconomic indicators in developed countries," International Journal of Social Economics, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 47(1), pages 127-144, January.
    3. Leonid A. Gavrilov & Natalia S. Gavrilova, 2015. "Predictors of Exceptional Longevity: Effects of Early-Life and Midlife Conditions, and Familial Longevity," North American Actuarial Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 19(3), pages 174-186, July.
    4. Bucciol, Alessandro & Cavalli, Laura & Fedotenkov, Igor & Pertile, Paolo & Polin, Veronica & Sartor, Nicola & Sommacal, Alessandro, 2017. "A large scale OLG model for the analysis of the redistributive effects of policy reforms," European Journal of Political Economy, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 104-127.
    5. Hupfeld, Stefan, 2009. "Rich and healthy--better than poor and sick?: An empirical analysis of income, health, and the duration of the pension benefit spell," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 28(2), pages 427-443, March.
    6. Nelissen, Jan H. M., 1995. "Lifetime income redistribution by the old-age state pension in The Netherlands," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 58(3), pages 429-451, November.
    7. Mr. Jonathan David Ostry & Mr. Andrew Berg & Mr. Charalambos G Tsangarides, 2014. "Redistribution, Inequality, and Growth," IMF Staff Discussion Notes 2014/002, International Monetary Fund.
    8. Catherine Ross & Ryan Masters & Robert Hummer, 2012. "Education and the Gender Gaps in Health and Mortality," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 49(4), pages 1157-1183, November.
    9. repec:nas:journl:v:115:y:2018:p:11754-11759 is not listed on IDEAS
    10. Jonathan David Ostry & Andrew Berg & Charalambos G Tsangarides, 2014. "Redistribution, Inequality, and Growth," IMF Staff Discussion Notes 14/02, International Monetary Fund.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Keivan Diakite & Pierre Devolder, 2021. "Progressive Pension Formula and Life Expectancy Heterogeneity," Risks, MDPI, vol. 9(7), pages 1-19, July.
    2. Aris Ananta & Ahmad Irsan A. Moeis & Hendro Try Widianto & Heri Yulianto & Evi Nurvidya Arifin, 2021. "Pension and Active Ageing: Lessons Learned from Civil Servants in Indonesia," Social Sciences, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-17, November.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Markus Brueckner & Daniel Lederman, 2018. "Inequality and economic growth: the role of initial income," Journal of Economic Growth, Springer, vol. 23(3), pages 341-366, September.
    2. Mohamed Ali Trabelsi & Salah Ahmed, 2021. "Economic Resilience in Developing Countries: The Role of Democracy in the Face of External Shocks," Working Papers 1499, Economic Research Forum, revised 20 Oct 2021.
    3. Ville-Veikko Pulkka, 2017. "A free lunch with robots – can a basic income stabilise the digital economy?," Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research, , vol. 23(3), pages 295-311, August.
    4. repec:spo:wpmain:info:hdl:2441/gmkj8k1vf8tpbdue5q2emsepp is not listed on IDEAS
    5. Stefan Bach, 2014. ""Reichensteuer"-Diskussion: Hintergrund und Perspektiven," DIW Roundup: Politik im Fokus 16, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research.
    6. Francesco Savoia & Ioannis Bournakis & Mona Said & Antonio Savoia, 2024. "Regional income inequality in Egypt: evolution and implications for Sustainable Development Goal 10," Oxford Development Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 52(1), pages 17-33, January.
    7. Caruso Raul & Antonella Biscione, 2022. "Militarization and Income Inequality in European Countries (2000–2017)," Peace Economics, Peace Science, and Public Policy, De Gruyter, vol. 28(3), pages 267-285, September.
    8. Pedro R. D. Bom & Aitor Goti, 2018. "Public Capital and the Labor Income Share," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-17, October.
    9. Mr. Raphael A Espinoza & Mrs. Esther Perez Ruiz, 2014. "Labor Tax Cuts and Employment: A General Equilibrium Approach for France," IMF Working Papers 2014/114, International Monetary Fund.
    10. Ines A. Ferreira & Rachel M. Gisselquist & Finn Tarp, 2021. "On the impact of inequality on growth, human development, and governance," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2021-34, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    11. Kang, Jong Woo, 2015. "Interrelation between Growth and Inequality," ADB Economics Working Paper Series 447, Asian Development Bank.
    12. European Commission, 2018. "Tax Policies in the European Union: 2018 Survey," Taxation Survey 2018, Directorate General Taxation and Customs Union, European Commission.
    13. Svilena MIHAYLOVA, 2015. "Foreign direct investment and income inequality in Central and Eastern Europe," Theoretical and Applied Economics, Asociatia Generala a Economistilor din Romania / Editura Economica, vol. 0(2(603), S), pages 23-42, Summer.
    14. Gheorghe Savoiu & Vasile Dinu, 2015. "Economic paradoxism and meson economics," The AMFITEATRU ECONOMIC journal, Academy of Economic Studies - Bucharest, Romania, vol. 17(39), pages 776-776, May.
    15. Olimpia Neagu, 2020. "Does Globalisation Promote Sustainable Development and an Equal Distribution of Income around the World? An Econometric and Ethical View," Book chapters-LUMEN Proceedings, in: Adriana Grigorescu & Valentin Radu (ed.), 1st International Conference Global Ethics - Key of Sustainability (GEKoS), edition 1, volume 11, chapter 7, pages 56-64, Editura Lumen.
    16. Patrizio Pagano & Massimo Sbracia, 2014. "The secular stagnation hypothesis: a review of the debate and some insights," Questioni di Economia e Finanza (Occasional Papers) 231, Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area.
    17. Eva Militaru & Madalina Ecaterina Popescu & Amalia Cristescu & Maria Denisa Vasilescu, 2019. "Assessing Minimum Wage Policy Implications upon Income Inequalities. The Case of Romania," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-20, May.
    18. Najeh Aissaoui, 2017. "Is Inequality Harmful for Broadband Diffusion and Economic Growth?," Asian Economic and Financial Review, Asian Economic and Social Society, vol. 7(8), pages 799-808, August.
    19. Sudip Ranjan Basu, 2017. "Do data show divergence? Revisiting global income inequality trends," Asia-Pacific Development Journal, United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP), vol. 24(1), pages 23-53, June.
    20. Can Sever & Emekcan Yucel, 2021. "Electoral Cycles in Inequality Abstract:," Working Papers 2021/01, Bogazici University, Department of Economics.
    21. Saha, Anjan K. & Mishra, Vinod, 2020. "Genetic distance, economic growth and top income shares: Evidence from OECD countries," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 92(C), pages 37-47.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jrisks:v:9:y:2021:i:4:p:65-:d:528959. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.