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Sources and Markets of Limestone Flour in Poland

Author

Listed:
  • Ewa Lewicka

    (Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, J. Wybickiego 7A, 31-261 Kraków, Poland)

  • Jarosław Szlugaj

    (Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, J. Wybickiego 7A, 31-261 Kraków, Poland)

  • Anna Burkowicz

    (Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, J. Wybickiego 7A, 31-261 Kraków, Poland)

  • Krzysztof Galos

    (Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, J. Wybickiego 7A, 31-261 Kraków, Poland)

Abstract

Limestone flour is used in a variety of industrial sectors such as power and heat generation, glass-making, paper-making, the construction industry and construction materials manufacturing, the production of agriculture, plastics and rubber goods, as well as coal mining, and environmental protection. This paper aims to characterize and interpret the limestone flour supply and demand trends in the main applications in Poland in the last decade. In order to track the changes of domestic consumption for this commodity, its major users have been surveyed along with analyses of data from the Statistics Poland (GUS). The results showed that during 2009–2018 the coal-fired power plants became the biggest customer of limestone flour utilized as a sorbent in the wet flue gas desulfurization method (FGD). This method has been implemented in the vast majority of Polish power plants. It is estimated that in the last decade the total annual production capacity of limestone flour at the milling plants in Poland increased by 1.5 million tons, to around 6.0 million tons. In the forthcoming years, this is expected to continue to increase despite EU restrictions on fossil fuel use (especially hard coal and lignite). Other promising areas of future growth are: for limestone flour of medium quality—the construction materials manufacturing and the construction industry itself, for limestone flour of the highest quality—the glass industry, while for fine-grained limestone flour of high-quality—the plastics and rubber industries. In terms of resource security, it is worth noting that Poland is a country rich in limestone deposits. However, only some of them, that is, limestone rock varieties of the Jurassic and Devonian ages from the Kielce vicinity in central Poland are suitable for the production of high-quality limestone flour for the needs of the mentioned industries. The paper analyses the potential of the limestone flour production from the available limestone rock deposits with respect to the current and future needs of the domestic market in Poland.

Suggested Citation

  • Ewa Lewicka & Jarosław Szlugaj & Anna Burkowicz & Krzysztof Galos, 2020. "Sources and Markets of Limestone Flour in Poland," Resources, MDPI, vol. 9(10), pages 1-16, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jresou:v:9:y:2020:i:10:p:118-:d:421931
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jacqueline Elizabeth Rutkowski & Emília Wanda Rutkowski, 2017. "Recycling in Brasil: Paper and Plastic Supply Chain," Resources, MDPI, vol. 6(3), pages 1-15, August.
    2. Ruth, Matthias & Dell'Anno, Paolo, 1997. "An industrial ecology of the US glass industry," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 23(3), pages 109-124, September.
    3. Galos, K. A. & Smakowski, T. S. & Szlugaj, J., 2003. "Flue-gas desulphurisation products from Polish coal-fired power-plants," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 75(3-4), pages 257-265, July.
    4. Yoo-Jae Kim & Ryno van Leeuwen & Bum-Yean Cho & Vedaraman Sriraman & Anthony Torres, 2018. "Evaluation of the Efficiency of Limestone Powder in Concrete and the Effects on the Environment," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(2), pages 1-24, February.
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