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Environmental and Economic Life Cycle Assessment of Enzymatic Hydrolysis-Based Fish Protein and Oil Extraction

Author

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  • Bashir Bashiri

    (Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
    TFTAK, Mäealuse 2/4 B, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia)

  • Janna Cropotova

    (Department of Biological Sciences in Ålesund, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Larsgårdsvegen 4, 6025 Ålesund, Norway)

  • Kristine Kvangarsnes

    (Department of Biological Sciences in Ålesund, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Larsgårdsvegen 4, 6025 Ålesund, Norway)

  • Olga Gavrilova

    (TFTAK, Mäealuse 2/4 B, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia)

  • Raivo Vilu

    (TFTAK, Mäealuse 2/4 B, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia)

Abstract

As global fish consumption rises, a large amount of waste is generated that is generally neglected. Considering the value embedded in these resources, sustainable methods become more important in extracting valuable ingredients from fish processing residues. Enzymatic hydrolysis is a fast and easily reproducible method for recovering protein ingredients and obtaining valuable by-products. To confirm its advantages, an environmental and economic impact assessment is essential. This study overviewed the sustainability and economic viability of extracting protein compounds and oil from Atlantic mackerel processing residues using enzymatic hydrolysis. Life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) methods were employed. It was found that the climate change impact of the whole process was 0.073 kg CO 2 -eq per 1 g of fish protein hydrolysate (FPH). As the process produces FPH as the main product and fish oil as the by-product, economic allocation was used to distribute the impacts of FPH and fish oil. The findings of the LCCA showed that producing 1 g of FPH costs EUR 3.68. The contribution analysis indicated the crucial role of electricity and fish in environmental impacts. To ensure the accuracy of the calculation, the results of an LCA study published previously were recalculated. The sensitivity analysis showed that the results were susceptible to the region and source of electricity production. This research provides valuable insights into the sustainability and economic aspects of using enzymatic hydrolysis for extracting protein ingredients and oils from Atlantic mackerel. This can inform future investigations of environmentally friendly and economically viable solutions for extracting fish ingredients.

Suggested Citation

  • Bashir Bashiri & Janna Cropotova & Kristine Kvangarsnes & Olga Gavrilova & Raivo Vilu, 2024. "Environmental and Economic Life Cycle Assessment of Enzymatic Hydrolysis-Based Fish Protein and Oil Extraction," Resources, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-13, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jresou:v:13:y:2024:i:5:p:61-:d:1381406
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Daniela Summa & Edoardo Turolla & Mattia Lanzoni & Elena Tamisari & Giuseppe Castaldelli & Elena Tamburini, 2023. "Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of Two Different Oyster ( Crassostrea gigas ) Farming Strategies in the Sacca di Goro, Northern Adriatic Sea, Italy," Resources, MDPI, vol. 12(6), pages 1-14, May.
    2. Olurotimi Oguntola & Steven Simske, 2023. "Continuous Assessment of the Environmental Impact and Economic Viability of Decarbonization Improvements in Cement Production," Resources, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-20, August.
    3. Harshwardhan Ketkale & Steven Simske, 2023. "A LifeCycle Analysis and Economic Cost Analysis of Corrugated Cardboard Box Reuse and Recycling in the United States," Resources, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-18, February.
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