IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jmathe/v11y2023i1p233-d1023077.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Cyber Security for Detecting Distributed Denial of Service Attacks in Agriculture 4.0: Deep Learning Model

Author

Listed:
  • Theyazn H. H. Aldhyani

    (Applied College in Abqaiq, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia)

  • Hasan Alkahtani

    (College of Computer Science and Information Technology, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia)

Abstract

Attackers are increasingly targeting Internet of Things (IoT) networks, which connect industrial devices to the Internet. To construct network intrusion detection systems (NIDSs), which can secure Agriculture 4.0 networks, powerful deep learning (DL) models have recently been deployed. An effective and adaptable intrusion detection system may be implemented by using the architectures of long short-term memory (LSTM) and convolutional neural network combined with long short-term memory (CNN–LSTM) for detecting DDoS attacks. The CIC-DDoS2019 dataset was used to design a proposal for detecting different types of DDoS attacks. The dataset was developed using the CICFlowMeter-V3 network. The standard network traffic dataset, including NetBIOS, Portmap, Syn, UDPLag, UDP, and normal benign packets, was used to test the development of deep learning approaches. Precision, recall, F1-score, and accuracy were among the measures used to assess the model’s performance. The suggested technology was able to reach a high degree of precision (100%). The CNN–LSTM has a score of 100% with respect to all the evaluation metrics. We used a deep learning method to build our model and compare it to existing systems to determine how well it performs. In addition, we believe that this proposed model has highest possible levels of protection against any cyber threat to Agriculture 4.0.

Suggested Citation

  • Theyazn H. H. Aldhyani & Hasan Alkahtani, 2023. "Cyber Security for Detecting Distributed Denial of Service Attacks in Agriculture 4.0: Deep Learning Model," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-19, January.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jmathe:v:11:y:2023:i:1:p:233-:d:1023077
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/11/1/233/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/11/1/233/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Hasan Alkahtani & Theyazn H. H. Aldhyani & M. Irfan Uddin, 2021. "Intrusion Detection System to Advance Internet of Things Infrastructure-Based Deep Learning Algorithms," Complexity, Hindawi, vol. 2021, pages 1-18, July.
    2. Md. Nazmul Hasan & Rafia Nishat Toma & Abdullah-Al Nahid & M M Manjurul Islam & Jong-Myon Kim, 2019. "Electricity Theft Detection in Smart Grid Systems: A CNN-LSTM Based Approach," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(17), pages 1-18, August.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Ali Alzahrani & Theyazn H. H. Aldhyani, 2023. "Design of Efficient Based Artificial Intelligence Approaches for Sustainable of Cyber Security in Smart Industrial Control System," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-29, May.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Fatmah Y. Assiri & Mahmoud Ragab, 2023. "Optimal Deep-Learning-Based Cyberattack Detection in a Blockchain-Assisted IoT Environment," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(19), pages 1-16, September.
    2. Sufian A. Badawi & Djamel Guessoum & Isam Elbadawi & Ameera Albadawi, 2022. "A Novel Time-Series Transformation and Machine-Learning-Based Method for NTL Fraud Detection in Utility Companies," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-16, May.
    3. Lisardo Prieto González & Anna Fensel & Juan Miguel Gómez Berbís & Angela Popa & Antonio de Amescua Seco, 2021. "A Survey on Energy Efficiency in Smart Homes and Smart Grids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-16, November.
    4. Adnan Khattak & Rasool Bukhsh & Sheraz Aslam & Ayman Yafoz & Omar Alghushairy & Raed Alsini, 2022. "A Hybrid Deep Learning-Based Model for Detection of Electricity Losses Using Big Data in Power Systems," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-20, October.
    5. Gao, Bixuan & Kong, Xiangyu & Li, Shangze & Chen, Yi & Zhang, Xiyuan & Liu, Ziyu & Lv, Weijia, 2024. "Enhancing anomaly detection accuracy and interpretability in low-quality and class imbalanced data: A comprehensive approach," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 353(PB).
    6. Weijia Wen & Xiao Ling & Jianxin Sui & Junjie Lin, 2023. "Data-Driven Dynamic Stability Assessment in Large-Scale Power Grid Based on Deep Transfer Learning," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-15, January.
    7. Zahoor Ali Khan & Muhammad Adil & Nadeem Javaid & Malik Najmus Saqib & Muhammad Shafiq & Jin-Ghoo Choi, 2020. "Electricity Theft Detection Using Supervised Learning Techniques on Smart Meter Data," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(19), pages 1-25, September.
    8. Akram Qashou & Sufian Yousef & Erika Sanchez-Velazquez, 2022. "Mining sensor data in a smart environment: a study of control algorithms and microgrid testbed for temporal forecasting and patterns of failure," International Journal of System Assurance Engineering and Management, Springer;The Society for Reliability, Engineering Quality and Operations Management (SREQOM),India, and Division of Operation and Maintenance, Lulea University of Technology, Sweden, vol. 13(5), pages 2371-2390, October.
    9. Xiaofeng Feng & Hengyu Hui & Ziyang Liang & Wenchong Guo & Huakun Que & Haoyang Feng & Yu Yao & Chengjin Ye & Yi Ding, 2020. "A Novel Electricity Theft Detection Scheme Based on Text Convolutional Neural Networks," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-17, November.
    10. Francisco Jonatas Siqueira Coelho & Allan Rivalles Souza Feitosa & André Luís Michels Alcântara & Kaifeng Li & Ronaldo Ferreira Lima & Victor Rios Silva & Abel Guilhermino da Silva-Filho, 2023. "HyMOTree: Automatic Hyperparameters Tuning for Non-Technical Loss Detection Based on Multi-Objective and Tree-Based Algorithms," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-22, June.
    11. Mitra, Somalee & Chakraborty, Basab & Mitra, Pabitra, 2024. "Smart meter data analytics applications for secure, reliable and robust grid system: Survey and future directions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 289(C).
    12. Zeeshan Aslam & Nadeem Javaid & Ashfaq Ahmad & Abrar Ahmed & Sardar Muhammad Gulfam, 2020. "A Combined Deep Learning and Ensemble Learning Methodology to Avoid Electricity Theft in Smart Grids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-24, October.
    13. Xuesong Tian & Yuping Zou & Xin Wang & Minglang Tseng & Hua Li & Huijuan Zhang, 2022. "Improving the Efficiency and Sustainability of Intelligent Electricity Inspection: IMFO-ELM Algorithm for Load Forecasting," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-19, October.
    14. Cheong Hee Park & Taegong Kim, 2020. "Energy Theft Detection in Advanced Metering Infrastructure Based on Anomaly Pattern Detection," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(15), pages 1-10, July.
    15. Rui Xia & Yunpeng Gao & Yanqing Zhu & Dexi Gu & Jiangzhao Wang, 2022. "An Efficient Method Combined Data-Driven for Detecting Electricity Theft with Stacking Structure Based on Grey Relation Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-25, October.
    16. Hugo Brise o & Omar Rojas, 2020. "Factors Associated with Electricity Losses: A Panel Data Perspective," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 10(5), pages 281-286.
    17. Athanasiadis, C.L. & Papadopoulos, T.A. & Kryonidis, G.C. & Doukas, D.I., 2024. "A review of distribution network applications based on smart meter data analytics," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 191(C).
    18. Otuoze, Abdulrahaman Okino & Mustafa, Mohd Wazir & Abdulrahman, Abdulhakeem Temitope & Mohammed, Olatunji Obalowu & Salisu, Sani, 2020. "Penalization of electricity thefts in smart utility networks by a cost estimation-based forced corrective measure," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 143(C).
    19. Marcelo Bruno Capeletti & Bruno Knevitz Hammerschmitt & Renato Grethe Negri & Fernando Guilherme Kaehler Guarda & Lucio Rene Prade & Nelson Knak Neto & Alzenira da Rosa Abaide, 2022. "Identification of Nontechnical Losses in Distribution Systems Adding Exogenous Data and Artificial Intelligence," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(23), pages 1-23, November.
    20. Pamir & Nadeem Javaid & Saher Javaid & Muhammad Asif & Muhammad Umar Javed & Adamu Sani Yahaya & Sheraz Aslam, 2022. "Synthetic Theft Attacks and Long Short Term Memory-Based Preprocessing for Electricity Theft Detection Using Gated Recurrent Unit," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-20, April.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jmathe:v:11:y:2023:i:1:p:233-:d:1023077. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.