IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jmathe/v10y2022i17p3218-d907566.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

NFTs and Cryptocurrencies—The Metamorphosis of the Economy under the Sign of Blockchain: A Time Series Approach

Author

Listed:
  • Simona Andreea Apostu

    (Department of Statistics and Econometrics, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, 010552 Bucharest, Romania
    Institute of National Economy, 050771 Bucharest, Romania)

  • Mirela Panait

    (Institute of National Economy, 050771 Bucharest, Romania
    Department of Cybernetics, Economic Informatics, Finance and Accounting, Petroleum-Gas University of Ploiesti, 100680 Ploiesti, Romania)

  • Làszló Vasa

    (Management Campus, Széchenyi István University, 9026 Gyor, Hungary)

  • Constanta Mihaescu

    (Department of Statistics and Econometrics, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, 010552 Bucharest, Romania)

  • Zbyslaw Dobrowolski

    (Department of Institute of Public Affairs, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland)

Abstract

Although NFTs (non-fungible tokens) and cryptocurrencies are active on the same market, their prices are not so closely related over time. The objective of this paper is to identify the relationship between the two types of assets (NFTs and the cryptocurrencies Ethereum, Crypto Coin, and Bitcoin), using data for the period between September 2020 until February 2022. The conclusions of the study are useful for cryptocurrency and NFT issuers, but also for investors on the financial market who are reconfiguring their portfolios with increasing frequency, and use these new assets for speculative or hedging purposes based on blockchain technology. The results highlighted relationships between NFTs and Ethereum, between Ethereum and Crypto Coin, and between Bitcoin and Ethereum, Ethereum being a bridge between all four. Therefore, NFTs present a relationship with Ethereum, the NFTs price had a causal effect on the price of Ethereum.

Suggested Citation

  • Simona Andreea Apostu & Mirela Panait & Làszló Vasa & Constanta Mihaescu & Zbyslaw Dobrowolski, 2022. "NFTs and Cryptocurrencies—The Metamorphosis of the Economy under the Sign of Blockchain: A Time Series Approach," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 10(17), pages 1-13, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jmathe:v:10:y:2022:i:17:p:3218-:d:907566
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/10/17/3218/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/10/17/3218/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Borri, Nicola & Giorgio, Giorgio di, 2022. "Systemic risk and the COVID challenge in the european banking sector," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 140(C).
    2. Zhang Zhen & Zahid Yousaf & Magdalena Radulescu & Muhammad Yasir, 2021. "Nexus of Digital Organizational Culture, Capabilities, Organizational Readiness, and Innovation: Investigation of SMEs Operating in the Digital Economy," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-15, January.
    3. Borri, Emiliano & Tafone, Alessio & Romagnoli, Alessandro & Comodi, Gabriele, 2021. "A review on liquid air energy storage: History, state of the art and recent developments," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 137(C).
    4. Claus Dierksmeier & Peter Seele, 2018. "Cryptocurrencies and Business Ethics," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 152(1), pages 1-14, September.
    5. Umar, Zaghum & Gubareva, Mariya & Teplova, Tamara & Tran, Dang K., 2022. "Covid-19 impact on NFTs and major asset classes interrelations: Insights from the wavelet coherence analysis," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 47(PB).
    6. Dowling, Michael, 2022. "Fertile LAND: Pricing non-fungible tokens," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 44(C).
    7. Ruihui Pu & Deimante Teresiene & Ina Pieczulis & Jie Kong & Xiao-Guang Yue, 2021. "The Interaction between Banking Sector and Financial Technology Companies: Qualitative Assessment—A Case of Lithuania," Risks, MDPI, vol. 9(1), pages 1-22, January.
    8. Dowling, Michael, 2022. "Is non-fungible token pricing driven by cryptocurrencies?," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 44(C).
    9. Abdelmohsen A. Nassani & Crenguta Sinisi & Loredana Paunescu & Zahid Yousaf & Mohamed Haffar & Ahmad Kabbani, 2022. "Nexus of Innovation Network, Digital Innovation and Frugal Innovation towards Innovation Performance: Investigation of Energy Firms," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-11, April.
    10. Ko, Hyungjin & Son, Bumho & Lee, Yunyoung & Jang, Huisu & Lee, Jaewook, 2022. "The economic value of NFT: Evidence from a portfolio analysis using mean–variance framework," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 47(PA).
    11. Lucey, Brian M. & Vigne, Samuel A. & Yarovaya, Larisa & Wang, Yizhi, 2022. "The cryptocurrency uncertainty index," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 45(C).
    12. Constantin Anghelache & Mădălina-Gabriela Anghel & Ștefan Virgil Iacob & Mirela Panait & Irina Gabriela Rădulescu & Alina Gabriela Brezoi & Adrian Miron, 2022. "The Effects of Health Crisis on Economic Growth, Health and Movement of Population," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-22, April.
    13. Valentina Vasile & Mirela Panait & Simona-Andreea Apostu, 2021. "Financial Inclusion Paradigm Shift in the Postpandemic Period. Digital-Divide and Gender Gap," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(20), pages 1-28, October.
    14. Christian Pinto-Gutiérrez & Sandra Gaitán & Diego Jaramillo & Simón Velasquez, 2022. "The NFT Hype: What Draws Attention to Non-Fungible Tokens?," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 10(3), pages 1-13, January.
    15. Engle, Robert & Granger, Clive, 2015. "Co-integration and error correction: Representation, estimation, and testing," Applied Econometrics, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), vol. 39(3), pages 106-135.
    16. Mircea Constantin Șcheau & Simona Liliana Crăciunescu & Iulia Brici & Monica Violeta Achim, 2020. "A Cryptocurrency Spectrum Short Analysis," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-16, August.
    17. MANTA, Otilia & POP, Napoleon, 2017. "The Virtual Currency And Financial Blockchain Technology. Current Trends In Digital Finance," Studii Financiare (Financial Studies), Centre of Financial and Monetary Research "Victor Slavescu", vol. 21(3), pages 45-59.
    18. Syed Abdul Rehman Khan & Danish Iqbal Godil & Munaza Bibi & Zhang Yu & Syed Muhammad Ahsan Rizvi, 2021. "The Economic and Social Impact of Teleworking in Romania: Present Practices and Post Pandemic Developments," The AMFITEATRU ECONOMIC journal, Academy of Economic Studies - Bucharest, Romania, vol. 23(58), pages 787-787, August.
    19. Timothy King & Dimitrios Koutmos, 2021. "Herding and feedback trading in cryptocurrency markets," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 300(1), pages 79-96, May.
    20. Zahid Yousaf & Magdalena Radulescu & Crenguta Ileana Sinisi & Luminita Serbanescu & Loredana Maria Păunescu, 2021. "Towards Sustainable Digital Innovation of SMEs from the Developing Countries in the Context of the Digital Economy and Frugal Environment," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-28, May.
    21. Chen, Yan, 2018. "Blockchain tokens and the potential democratization of entrepreneurship and innovation," Business Horizons, Elsevier, vol. 61(4), pages 567-575.
    22. Xiaohua Zou, 2018. "VECM Model Analysis of Carbon Emissions, GDP, and International Crude Oil Prices," Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society, Hindawi, vol. 2018, pages 1-11, August.
    23. Matthieu Nadini & Laura Alessandretti & Flavio Di Giacinto & Mauro Martino & Luca Maria Aiello & Andrea Baronchelli, 2021. "Mapping the NFT revolution: market trends, trade networks and visual features," Papers 2106.00647, arXiv.org, revised Sep 2021.
    24. Otilia MANTA, 2018. "Financial Technologies (Fintech), Instruments, Mechanisms And Financial Products," Internal Auditing and Risk Management, Athenaeum University of Bucharest, vol. 52(4), pages 78-102, December.
    25. Klaus Grobys, 2021. "When Bitcoin has the flu: on Bitcoin’s performance to hedge equity risk in the early wake of the COVID-19 outbreak," Applied Economics Letters, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 28(10), pages 860-865, June.
    26. Ana Maria Mihaela Iordache & Codruța Cornelia Dura & Cristina Coculescu & Claudia Isac & Ana Preda, 2021. "Using Neural Networks in Order to Analyze Telework Adaptability across the European Union Countries: A Case Study of the Most Relevant Scenarios to Occur in Romania," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(20), pages 1-28, October.
    27. Shangeetha Sukumaran & Thai Siew Bee & Shaista Wasiuzzaman, 2022. "Cryptocurrency as an Investment: The Malaysian Context," Risks, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-17, April.
    28. Ruzita Abdul-Rahim & Siti Aisah Bohari & Aini Aman & Zainudin Awang, 2022. "Benefit–Risk Perceptions of FinTech Adoption for Sustainability from Bank Consumers’ Perspective: The Moderating Role of Fear of COVID-19," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-24, July.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Qiao, Xingzhi & Zhu, Huiming & Tang, Yiding & Peng, Cheng, 2023. "Time-frequency extreme risk spillover network of cryptocurrency coins, DeFi tokens and NFTs," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 51(C).
    2. Voicu D. Dragomir & Valentin Florentin Dumitru, 2023. "Recognition and Measurement of Crypto-Assets from the Perspective of Retail Holders," FinTech, MDPI, vol. 2(3), pages 1-17, August.
    3. Dhoha Mellouli & Imen Zoglami, 2024. "The Dynamics of Connectivity between Traditional Cryptocurrencies and NFTs: Validation of the Connectivity Model by Quantiles and Frequencies," International Journal of Economics & Business Administration (IJEBA), International Journal of Economics & Business Administration (IJEBA), vol. 0(1), pages 131-154.
    4. Pachouri, Vikrant & Singh, Rajesh & Gehlot, Anita & Pandey, Shweta & Vaseem Akram, Shaik & Abbas, Mohamed, 2024. "Empowering sustainability in the built environment: A technological Lens on industry 4.0 Enablers," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 76(C).
    5. Sharan Kumar SHETTY & Cristi SPULBAR & Ramona BIRAU & Mircea Laurentiu SIMION, 2023. "Perceived Attitude of Youth Towards Cryptocurrency Investment: A Case Study for India," Economics and Applied Informatics, "Dunarea de Jos" University of Galati, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, issue 1, pages 12-25.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Umar, Zaghum & Usman, Muhammad & Choi, Sun-Yong & Rice, John, 2023. "Diversification benefits of NFTs for conventional asset investors: Evidence from CoVaR with higher moments and optimal hedge ratios," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 65(C).
    2. Proelss, Juliane & Sévigny, Stéphane & Schweizer, Denis, 2023. "GameFi: The perfect symbiosis of blockchain, tokens, DeFi, and NFTs?," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
    3. Zhang, Wenting & Liu, Tiantian & Zhang, Yulian & Hamori, Shigeyuki, 2024. "Can NFTs hedge the risk of traditional assets after the COVID-19 pandemic?," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 72(C).
    4. Wang, Yizhi, 2022. "Volatility spillovers across NFTs news attention and financial markets," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
    5. Urom, Christian & Ndubuisi, Gideon & Guesmi, Khaled, 2022. "Dynamic dependence and predictability between volume and return of Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs): The roles of market factors and geopolitical risks," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 50(C).
    6. Chowdhury, Mohammad Ashraful Ferdous & Abdullah, Mohammad & Alam, Masud & Abedin, Mohammad Zoynul & Shi, Baofeng, 2023. "NFTs, DeFi, and other assets efficiency and volatility dynamics: An asymmetric multifractality analysis," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 87(C).
    7. Urom, C. & Ndubuisi, Gideon & Guesmi, K., 2022. "Quantile return and volatility connectedness among Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) and (un)conventional asset," MERIT Working Papers 2022-017, United Nations University - Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology (MERIT).
    8. Choi, Jaeseo, 2024. "A Study on the Applicability of NFT in the Entertainment Industry: Application of the Means-end Chain analysis and Laddering," 24th ITS Biennial Conference, Seoul 2024. New bottles for new wine: digital transformation demands new policies and strategies 302456, International Telecommunications Society (ITS).
    9. Wang, Jying-Nan & Lee, Yen-Hsien & Liu, Hung-Chun & Hsu, Yuan-Teng, 2023. "Dissecting returns of non-fungible tokens (NFTs): Evidence from CryptoPunks," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 65(C).
    10. Horky, Florian & Rachel, Carolina & Fidrmuc, Jarko, 2022. "Price determinants of non-fungible tokens in the digital art market," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 48(C).
    11. Ghosh, Bikramaditya & Bouri, Elie & Wee, Jung Bum & Zulfiqar, Noshaba, 2023. "Return and volatility properties: Stylized facts from the universe of cryptocurrencies and NFTs," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 65(C).
    12. Bao, Te & Ma, Mengzhong & Wen, Yonggang, 2023. "Herding in the non-fungible token (NFT) market," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, Elsevier, vol. 39(C).
    13. Nobanee, Haitham & Ellili, Nejla Ould Daoud, 2023. "Non-fungible tokens (NFTs): A bibliometric and systematic review, current streams, developments, and directions for future research," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 84(C), pages 460-473.
    14. Fakhfekh, Mohamed & Bejaoui, Azza & Bariviera, Aurelio F. & Jeribi, Ahmed, 2024. "Dependence structure between NFT, DeFi and cryptocurrencies in turbulent times: An Archimax copula approach," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 70(C).
    15. Nakavachara, Voraprapa & Saengchote, Kanis, 2022. "Does unit of account affect willingness to pay? Evidence from metaverse LAND transactions✰," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 49(C).
    16. Kumar, Anoop S & Padakandla, Steven Raj, 2023. "Do NFTs act as a good hedge and safe haven against Cryptocurrency fluctuations?," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 56(C).
    17. Xia, Yufei & Li, Jinglong & Fu, Yating, 2022. "Are non-fungible tokens (NFTs) different asset classes? Evidence from quantile connectedness approach," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 49(C).
    18. Barbara Guidi & Andrea Michienzi, 2023. "From NFT 1.0 to NFT 2.0: A Review of the Evolution of Non-Fungible Tokens," Future Internet, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-23, May.
    19. Ghosh, Indranil & Alfaro-Cortés, Esteban & Gámez, Matías & García-Rubio, Noelia, 2023. "Prediction and interpretation of daily NFT and DeFi prices dynamics: Inspection through ensemble machine learning & XAI," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 87(C).
    20. Zhang, Luyao & Sun, Yutong & Quan, Yutong & Cao, Jiaxun & Tong, Xin, 2023. "On the Mechanics of NFT Valuation: AI Ethics and Social Media," OSF Preprints qwpdx, Center for Open Science.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jmathe:v:10:y:2022:i:17:p:3218-:d:907566. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.