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On Robustness for Spatio-Temporal Data

Author

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  • Alfonso García-Pérez

    (Departamento de Estadística, I.O. y C.N., Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Senda del Rey 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain)

Abstract

The spatio-temporal variogram is an important factor in spatio-temporal prediction through kriging, especially in fields such as environmental sustainability or climate change, where spatio-temporal data analysis is based on this concept. However, the traditional spatio-temporal variogram estimator, which is commonly employed for these purposes, is extremely sensitive to outliers. We approach this problem in two ways in the paper. First, new robust spatio-temporal variogram estimators are introduced, which are defined as M -estimators of an original data transformation. Second, we compare the classical estimate against a robust one, identifying spatio-temporal outliers in this way. To accomplish this, we use a multivariate scale-contaminated normal model to produce reliable approximations for the sample distribution of these new estimators. In addition, we define and study a new class of M -estimators in this paper, including real-world applications, in order to determine whether there are any significant differences in the spatio-temporal variogram between two temporal lags and, if so, whether we can reduce the number of lags considered in the spatio-temporal analysis.

Suggested Citation

  • Alfonso García-Pérez, 2022. "On Robustness for Spatio-Temporal Data," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-17, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jmathe:v:10:y:2022:i:10:p:1785-:d:822169
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Ronchetti, Elvezio, 2020. "Accurate and robust inference," Econometrics and Statistics, Elsevier, vol. 14(C), pages 74-88.
    2. La Vecchia, Davide & Ronchetti, Elvezio, 2019. "Saddlepoint approximations for short and long memory time series: A frequency domain approach," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 213(2), pages 578-592.
    3. Bruno Ebner & Norbert Henze, 2020. "Tests for multivariate normality—a critical review with emphasis on weighted $$L^2$$ L 2 -statistics," TEST: An Official Journal of the Spanish Society of Statistics and Operations Research, Springer;Sociedad de Estadística e Investigación Operativa, vol. 29(4), pages 845-892, December.
    4. Bruno Ebner & Norbert Henze, 2020. "Rejoinder on: Tests for multivariate normality—a critical review with emphasis on weighted $$L^2$$ L 2 -statistics," TEST: An Official Journal of the Spanish Society of Statistics and Operations Research, Springer;Sociedad de Estadística e Investigación Operativa, vol. 29(4), pages 911-913, December.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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