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Coastal Typology: An Analysis of the Spatiotemporal Relationship between Socioeconomic Development and Shoreline Change

Author

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  • Elizabeth A. Mack

    (Department of Geography, Environment, and Spatial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA)

  • Ethan Theuerkauf

    (Department of Geography, Environment, and Spatial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA)

  • Erin Bunting

    (Department of Geography, Environment, and Spatial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
    Remote Sensing and GIS Research and Outreach Services, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA)

Abstract

Globally, coastal communities are impacted by hazards including storm events, rising water levels, and associated coastal erosion. These hazards destroy homes and infrastructure causing human and financial risks for communities. At the same time, the economic and governance capacity of these communities varies widely, impacting their ability to plan and adapt to hazards. In order to identify locations vulnerable to coastal hazards, knowledge of the physical coastal changes must be integrated with the socio-economic profiles of communities. To do this, we couple information about coastal erosion rates and economic data in communities along the Great Lakes to develop a typology that summarizes physical and economic vulnerability to coastal erosion. This typology classifies communities into one of four categories: (1) High physical and economic vulnerability to coastal erosion, (2) High physical but low economic vulnerability to coastal erosion, (3) Low physical and low economic vulnerability to coastal erosion, and (4) High economic but low physical vulnerability to coastal erosion. An analysis of this typology over three time periods (2005–2010), (2010–2014), and (2014–2018) reveals the dynamic nature of vulnerability over this fourteen year time span. Given this complexity, it can be difficult for managers and decision-makers to decide where to direct limited resources for coastal protection. Our typology provides an analytical tool to proactively address this challenge. Further, it advances existing work on coastal change and associated vulnerability in three ways. One, it implements a regional, analytical approach that moves beyond case study-oriented work and facilitates community analyses in a comparative context. Two, the typology provides an integrated assessment of vulnerability that considers economic vulnerability to coastal erosion, which is a contextual variable that compounds or helps mitigate vulnerability. Three, the typology facilitates community comparisons over time, which is important to identifying drivers of change in Great Lakes coastal communities over time and community efforts to mitigate and adapt to these hazards.

Suggested Citation

  • Elizabeth A. Mack & Ethan Theuerkauf & Erin Bunting, 2020. "Coastal Typology: An Analysis of the Spatiotemporal Relationship between Socioeconomic Development and Shoreline Change," Land, MDPI, vol. 9(7), pages 1-18, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:9:y:2020:i:7:p:218-:d:380364
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Richard K. Norton & Guy A. Meadows, 2014. "Land and water governance on the shores of the Laurentian Great Lakes," Water International, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 39(6), pages 901-920, October.
    2. Andrew Gronewold & Vincent Fortin & Brent Lofgren & Anne Clites & Craig Stow & Frank Quinn, 2013. "Coasts, water levels, and climate change: A Great Lakes perspective," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 120(4), pages 697-711, October.
    3. Daniel Felsenstein & Michal Lichter, 2014. "Social and economic vulnerability of coastal communities to sea-level rise and extreme flooding," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 71(1), pages 463-491, March.
    4. Jeremy Martinich & James Neumann & Lindsay Ludwig & Lesley Jantarasami, 2013. "Risks of sea level rise to disadvantaged communities in the United States," Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, Springer, vol. 18(2), pages 169-185, February.
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