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Indigenous Protected and Conserved Areas (IPCAs), Aichi Target 11 and Canada’s Pathway to Target 1: Focusing Conservation on Reconciliation

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  • Melanie Zurba

    (School for Resource and Environmental Studies, Dalhousie University, P.O. BOX 15000, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
    College of Sustainability, Dalhousie University, P.O. BOX 15000, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada)

  • Karen F. Beazley

    (School for Resource and Environmental Studies, Dalhousie University, P.O. BOX 15000, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada)

  • Emilie English

    (School for Resource and Environmental Studies, Dalhousie University, P.O. BOX 15000, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada)

  • Johanna Buchmann-Duck

    (School for Resource and Environmental Studies, Dalhousie University, P.O. BOX 15000, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada)

Abstract

This article provides analysis of the issues relating to movement towards new models for Indigenous-led conservation in light of Canada’s initiatives for greater protected areas representation through Target 1. We provide a background on Canada’s Pathway to Target 1, which is based on Target 11 from the Aichi Biodiversity Targets set forth by the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). We contemplate the past, present and future of colonization and reconciliation in Canada, and consider the influence of international declarations, programs and initiatives on the potential for the formation of Indigenous Protected and Conserved Areas (IPCAs). We then provide an analysis of “wicked problems” that Indigenous communities, governments, and other stakeholders in protected areas will need to navigate towards implementing the IPCA approach in Canada. We outline the different types of Indigenous involvement in protected areas and how they potentially fit within the principles for the development of IPCAs. We then turn our discussion to the need to refocus conservation on reconciliation by restoring nation-to-nation relationships and relationships between the land and peoples. The lessons we draw have potential parallels for other nation states, particularly those signatory to the CBD and with a colonial history, aiming for biodiversity conservation and reconciliation with Indigenous peoples through IPCAs.

Suggested Citation

  • Melanie Zurba & Karen F. Beazley & Emilie English & Johanna Buchmann-Duck, 2019. "Indigenous Protected and Conserved Areas (IPCAs), Aichi Target 11 and Canada’s Pathway to Target 1: Focusing Conservation on Reconciliation," Land, MDPI, vol. 8(1), pages 1-20, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:8:y:2019:i:1:p:10-:d:195384
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    1. Zurba, Melanie & Diduck, Alan P. & Sinclair, A. John, 2016. "First Nations and industry collaboration for forest governance in northwestern Ontario, Canada," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 1-10.
    2. Karen Bakker & Christina Cook, 2011. "Water Governance in Canada: Innovation and Fragmentation," International Journal of Water Resources Development, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 27(02), pages 275-289.
    3. James E. M. Watson & Oscar Venter & Jasmine Lee & Kendall R. Jones & John G. Robinson & Hugh P. Possingham & James R. Allan, 2018. "Protect the last of the wild," Nature, Nature, vol. 563(7729), pages 27-30, November.
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    1. Stephanie L. Barr & Christopher J. Lemieux, 2021. "Assessing organizational readiness to adapt to climate change in a regional protected areas context: lessons learned from Canada," Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, Springer, vol. 26(8), pages 1-21, December.
    2. Brennan Vogel & Lilia Yumagulova & Gordon McBean & Kerry Ann Charles Norris, 2022. "Indigenous-Led Nature-Based Solutions for the Climate Crisis: Insights from Canada," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-19, May.
    3. Nicolas Mansuy & Hyejin Hwang & Ritikaa Gupta & Christa Mooney & Barbara Kishchuk & Eric Higgs, 2022. "Forest Landscape Restoration Legislation and Policy: A Canadian Perspective," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-27, October.
    4. Robert F. Baldwin & Karen F. Beazley, 2019. "Emerging Paradigms for Biodiversity and Protected Areas," Land, MDPI, vol. 8(3), pages 1-12, March.
    5. Jessica L. Needham & Karen F. Beazley & Victoria P. Papuga, 2020. "Accessing Local Tacit Knowledge as a Means of Knowledge Co-Production for Effective Wildlife Corridor Planning in the Chignecto Isthmus, Canada," Land, MDPI, vol. 9(9), pages 1-38, September.
    6. Tauli-Corpuz, Vicky & Alcorn, Janis & Molnar, Augusta & Healy, Christina & Barrow, Edmund, 2020. "Cornered by PAs: Adopting rights-based approaches to enable cost-effective conservation and climate action," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 130(C).

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