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Emotional Perceptions of Thermal Comfort for People Exposed to Green Spaces Characterized Using Streetscapes in Urban Parks

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  • Benlu Xin

    (School of Business and Management, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
    “Lce and Snow Tourism Resorts Equipment and Intelligent Service Technology” Ministry of Culture and Tourism Key Laboratory, Changchun 130012, China)

  • Chengfeng Zhu

    (School of Business and Management, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
    “Lce and Snow Tourism Resorts Equipment and Intelligent Service Technology” Ministry of Culture and Tourism Key Laboratory, Changchun 130012, China)

  • Jingjing Geng

    (School of Business and Management, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
    “Lce and Snow Tourism Resorts Equipment and Intelligent Service Technology” Ministry of Culture and Tourism Key Laboratory, Changchun 130012, China)

  • Yanqi Liu

    (School of Business Administration, Jilin University of Finance and Economics, Changchun 130117, China)

Abstract

Thermal comfort is a key determinant ruling the quality of urban park visits that is mainly evaluated by equivalent meteorological factors and lacks evidence about its relationship with emotional perception. Exposure to green space was believed to be an available approach to increase thermal comfort, but this argument still needs verification to confirm its reliability. In this study, about ~15,000 streetscapes were photographed at stops along sidewalks and evaluated for green view index (GVI) and plant diversity index in five urban parks of Changchun, Northeast China. The faces of visitors were captured to analyze happy, sad, and neutral scores as well as two net positive emotion estimates. Meteorological factors of temperature, relative humidity, and wind velocity were measured at the same time for evaluating thermal comfort using equivalent variables of discomfort index ( DI ), temperature and humidity index ( THI ), and cooling power index ( CP ). At stops with higher GVI, lower temperature (slope: from −0.1058 to −0.0871) and wind velocity (slope: from −0.1273 to −0.0524) were found, as well as higher relative humidity (slope: from 0.0871 to 0.8812), which resulted in positive relationships between GVI and thermal comfort evaluated as DI ( R 2 = 0.3598, p < 0.0001) or CP ( R 2 = 0.3179, p < 0.0001). Sad score was positively correlated with THI ( R 2 = 0.0908, p = 0.0332) and negatively correlated with CP ( R 2 = 0.0929, p = 0.0294). At stops with high GVI, more positive emotions were shown on visitors’ faces (happy minus sad scores, 0.31 ± 0.10). Plant diversity had varied relationships with GVI in parks depending on age. Overall, our study demonstrated that using imagery data extracted from streetscapes can be useful for evaluating thermal comfort. It is recommended to plan a large amount of touchable nature provided by vegetation in urban parks so as to mitigate micro-climates towards a trend with more thermal comfort that evokes more positive emotions.

Suggested Citation

  • Benlu Xin & Chengfeng Zhu & Jingjing Geng & Yanqi Liu, 2024. "Emotional Perceptions of Thermal Comfort for People Exposed to Green Spaces Characterized Using Streetscapes in Urban Parks," Land, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-20, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:13:y:2024:i:9:p:1515-:d:1480627
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Xiaojiang Li, 2021. "Examining the spatial distribution and temporal change of the green view index in New York City using Google Street View images and deep learning," Environment and Planning B, , vol. 48(7), pages 2039-2054, September.
    2. Li, Hailong & Campana, Pietro Elia & Tan, Yuting & Yan, Jinyue, 2018. "Feasibility study about using a stand-alone wind power driven heat pump for space heating," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 228(C), pages 1486-1498.
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