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Coexistence and Succession of Spontaneous and Planted Vegetation on Extensive Mediterranean Green Roofs: Impacts on Soil, Seed Banks, and Mesofauna

Author

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  • Christel Vidaller

    (Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d’Ecologie Marine et Continentale (IMBE), University Avignon, Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IRD, IUT Site Agroparc, 337 Chemin des Meinajaries BP 61207, CEDEX 09, 84911 Avignon, France)

  • Anaïs Jouet

    (Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d’Ecologie Marine et Continentale (IMBE), University Avignon, Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IRD, IUT Site Agroparc, 337 Chemin des Meinajaries BP 61207, CEDEX 09, 84911 Avignon, France)

  • Carmen Van Mechelen

    (Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d’Ecologie Marine et Continentale (IMBE), University Avignon, Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IRD, IUT Site Agroparc, 337 Chemin des Meinajaries BP 61207, CEDEX 09, 84911 Avignon, France
    BUUR Part of Sweco, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
    Department Earth & Environment Sciences, Forest, Nature and Landscape, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium)

  • Tania De Almeida

    (Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d’Ecologie Marine et Continentale (IMBE), University Avignon, Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IRD, IUT Site Agroparc, 337 Chemin des Meinajaries BP 61207, CEDEX 09, 84911 Avignon, France
    Laboratoire de Génie Civil et Géo-Environnement (LGCgE), University Lille, IMT Lille Douai, University Artois, Yncrea Hauts-de-France, 59046 Lille, France)

  • Jérôme Cortet

    (CEFE, University Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, University Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, 34000 Montpellier, France)

  • Lucie Rivière

    (Unité Biodiversité et Paysage, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Université de Liège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium)

  • Grégory Mahy

    (Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d’Ecologie Marine et Continentale (IMBE), University Avignon, Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IRD, IUT Site Agroparc, 337 Chemin des Meinajaries BP 61207, CEDEX 09, 84911 Avignon, France
    Unité Biodiversité et Paysage, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Université de Liège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium)

  • Martin Hermy

    (BUUR Part of Sweco, 3000 Leuven, Belgium)

  • Thierry Dutoit

    (Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d’Ecologie Marine et Continentale (IMBE), University Avignon, Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IRD, IUT Site Agroparc, 337 Chemin des Meinajaries BP 61207, CEDEX 09, 84911 Avignon, France)

Abstract

Extensive green roofs are well known to improve the urban environment, but in the Mediterranean regions, dry climatic conditions pose the problem of their sustainability when no irrigation is applied. After planting or sowing in 2012, 18 local Mediterranean plant species on different types of exposure and substrate in a non-irrigated extensive green roof in Avignon (South-Eastern France), the physico-chemical characteristics of the soil, winter and spring soil seed banks, soil mesofauna and initially sown, planted, or spontaneous vegetation expressed on the surface were studied from 2013 to 2020. In 2020, significant differences related to the exposure conditions (shade/sun) and, to a lesser extent, to the depth of substrate used (5 cm/5 cm or 10 cm with a water retention layer) were found. The deeper plots in the shade have significantly higher soil fertility, cover, and vegetation height. However, the plots in the sun have higher moss cover, planted or sowed vegetation abundance, and springtail abundance. By 2020, more than half of the initially sown species had disappeared, except for several planted perennials and short-cycle annual species. On the other hand, a significant increase in the species richness of spontaneously established species was measured over time. In the absence of a permanent and transient seed bank for the sowed and spontaneous species, the plant community is then mostly dependent on species flows via the local surrounding seed rain. Planting perennial species ( Sedum spp., Iris lutescens ), followed by spontaneous colonization of species present in the vicinity of the roof would then represent a more efficient strategy for the persistence of extensive non-irrigated green roofs in Mediterranean environments than sowing a species-rich local Mediterranean seed mixture dominated by annual species.

Suggested Citation

  • Christel Vidaller & Anaïs Jouet & Carmen Van Mechelen & Tania De Almeida & Jérôme Cortet & Lucie Rivière & Grégory Mahy & Martin Hermy & Thierry Dutoit, 2023. "Coexistence and Succession of Spontaneous and Planted Vegetation on Extensive Mediterranean Green Roofs: Impacts on Soil, Seed Banks, and Mesofauna," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-19, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:12:y:2023:i:9:p:1726-:d:1233295
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Huamei Shao & Gunwoo Kim, 2022. "A Comprehensive Review of Different Types of Green Infrastructure to Mitigate Urban Heat Islands: Progress, Functions, and Benefits," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-22, October.
    2. Jongyun Kim & Wanmo Kang, 2022. "Assessing Green Roof Contributions to Tree Canopy Ecosystem Services and Connectivity in a Highly Urbanized Area," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-16, August.
    3. Teodoro Semeraro & Aurelia Scarano & Riccardo Buccolieri & Angelo Santino & Eeva Aarrevaara, 2021. "Planning of Urban Green Spaces: An Ecological Perspective on Human Benefits," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(2), pages 1-26, January.
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