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Short-Term Growth Dynamics of Spontaneous and Planted Vegetation on Subtropical Extensive Green Roof as Renaturalized Biotope

Author

Listed:
  • Caroline Man Yee Law

    (Nature In situ Limited, Hong Kong SAR, China)

  • Min Pan

    (Department of Applied Science, School of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Ho Man Tin, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China)

  • Yik Tung Sham

    (Department of Applied Science, School of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Ho Man Tin, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China)

  • Kenrick Chun Kiu Ho

    (Department of Construction and Quality Management, School of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Ho Man Tin, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China)

Abstract

Spontaneous vegetation within a managed green space is often regarded as unwelcoming and insignificant weeds. This perception is still deep-rooted among green-space managers and the general public worldwide; they are generally uncertain about the management needs after allowing these groups of flora to take root. The short-term growth dynamics of both spontaneous and planted vegetation should be analyzed, and a widely acceptable, feasible management plan to balance aesthetic and ecological functions should be formulated with the backing of data and analysis for such fast-growing flora in tropical and subtropical regions. A manicured, extensive green roof with only seven (two native, five exotic) plant species was transformed into a renaturalized biotope by replacing 15 native ferns and forb species over 15 months. After planting, a baseline plant survey was conducted, with 54 plant species representing spontaneous growth and 14 planted species alive (7 planted native species survived, plus 7 species planted prior to renaturalization revived). Three quarterly plant surveys recorded the cover-abundance of each species, and the growth dynamics of the planted and spontaneous plant species were evaluated over the first year of study. During each quarterly survey, the number of planted and spontaneous plant species remained stable (ranging from 14 to 16 species and 51 to 54 species, respectively), with a constant turnover of 11 to 12 die-out species and 11 to 12 newly colonized or revived species. Plant coverage of different plant forms fluctuated slightly (within 7%) in the quarterly surveys according to seasonal changes, except for ferns, which outperformed (12% increase in coverage in a year) all the other plant forms. The height of the planted vegetation fluctuated in a year, being shorter during the summer, while the height of spontaneous vegetation remained stable throughout the year, exhibiting resilience to scouring heat. The seasonal growth tendencies of both planted and spontaneous plants were illustrated in relation to their species ranks, and further hierarchical cluster analysis was conducted for the clustering of spontaneous species. Their differential growth patterns provided comprehensive information or supported decisions regarding plant selection and maintenance, which is a scientific novelty within this unexplored topic. Management recommendations based on the findings were suggested to fulfill both aesthetic and ecological needs. Species with stable and less stable growth patterns could be useful to meet maintenance efficiency and biodiversity enhancement needs, respectively. These findings provide insights to form guiding principles for choosing plant species for renaturalization projects.

Suggested Citation

  • Caroline Man Yee Law & Min Pan & Yik Tung Sham & Kenrick Chun Kiu Ho, 2024. "Short-Term Growth Dynamics of Spontaneous and Planted Vegetation on Subtropical Extensive Green Roof as Renaturalized Biotope," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-22, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:16:y:2024:i:19:p:8314-:d:1484797
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Christel Vidaller & Anaïs Jouet & Carmen Van Mechelen & Tania De Almeida & Jérôme Cortet & Lucie Rivière & Grégory Mahy & Martin Hermy & Thierry Dutoit, 2023. "Coexistence and Succession of Spontaneous and Planted Vegetation on Extensive Mediterranean Green Roofs: Impacts on Soil, Seed Banks, and Mesofauna," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-19, September.
    2. Tyler Poppenwimer & Itay Mayrose & Niv DeMalach, 2023. "Revising the global biogeography of annual and perennial plants," Nature, Nature, vol. 624(7990), pages 109-114, December.
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