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Projecting Development through Tourism: Patrimonial Governance in Indonesian Geoparks

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  • Rucitarahma Ristiawan

    (Cultural Geography Group, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands)

  • Edward Huijbens

    (Cultural Geography Group, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands)

  • Karin Peters

    (Cultural Geography Group, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands)

Abstract

Research on governance of tourism development predominantly focuses on sustainable management of a tourism destination, pinning hopes on the market and individual entrepreneurs. In Indonesia, this mission has been codified in post-reformation era (1998–2014) policies of land-use change promoting tourism and environmental conservation. One of these is the introduction of the UNESCO Geopark charter as a tool to realize the image of a modern state and “modernizing” regional economies. In this, a particular patrimonial governance arrangement appears to govern land use distribution to accrue the potential value of land from different use. This particular clientelist order will be analyzed in this article, namely by examining how finance, state power, and informal interactions between the national and regional structures of governance mesh in arranging land-use conversions for tourism purposes. Based on 4 months of ethnographic fieldwork and 32 interviews with various stakeholders in the Gunungsewu and Ciletuh UNESCO Geoparks, the paper will show how Indonesian post-reformation decentralization policies induced regional clientelism in the production of tourism destinations. This includes hierarchical relations between the local elite, private business owners, and governments representing asymmetric loyalty relations, negotiated subordination, and dominance. The more recent re-centralization attempts from the national government under Joko Widodo’s regime seem only to encourage this clientelism as a form of resistance to the state. This evidences that the Indonesian patrimonial governance and the production of tourism destinations in geoparks run counter to the ideals in governance as promoted for destination development.

Suggested Citation

  • Rucitarahma Ristiawan & Edward Huijbens & Karin Peters, 2023. "Projecting Development through Tourism: Patrimonial Governance in Indonesian Geoparks," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-16, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:12:y:2023:i:1:p:223-:d:1031630
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Tim Kelsall, 2012. "Neo-Patrimonialism, Rent-Seeking and Development: Going with the Grain?," New Political Economy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 17(5), pages 677-682, November.
    2. Mustafa Özgeriş & Faris Karahan, 2021. "Use of geopark resource values for a sustainable tourism: a case study from Turkey (Cittaslow Uzundere)," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 23(3), pages 4270-4284, March.
    3. Dianne Dredge, 2015. "Tourism and Governance," CSR, Sustainability, Ethics & Governance, in: Gianna Moscardo & Pierre Benckendorff (ed.), Education for Sustainability in Tourism, edition 1, chapter 0, pages 75-90, Springer.
    4. Hjalager, Anne-Mette, 2020. "Land-use conflicts in coastal tourism and the quest for governance innovations," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 94(C).
    5. Maria Tsakiri & Eleni Koumoutsou & Ioannis P. Kokkoris & Panayiotis Trigas & Eleni Iliadou & Dimitris Tzanoudakis & Panayotis Dimopoulos & Gregoris Iatrou, 2021. "National Park and UNESCO Global Geopark of Chelmos-Vouraikos (Greece): Floristic Diversity, Ecosystem Services and Management Implications," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-20, December.
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