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Stimulating Poverty Alleviation by Developing Tourism in Marginalised Roma Communities: A Case Study of the Central Spiš Region (Slovakia)

Author

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  • Kvetoslava Matlovičová

    (Department of Tourism, Faculty of Commerce, University of Economics, Dolnozemská cesta 1, 852 35 Bratislava, Slovakia)

  • Jana Kolesárová

    (Global Location Services & Incentives, Emeia, Ernst & Young, 811 02 Bratislava, Slovakia)

  • Michaela Demková

    (Department of Geography and Applied Geoinformatics, University of Prešov, 17. novembra 1, 080 01 Prešov, Slovakia)

  • Katarína Kostilníková

    (Department of Geography and Applied Geoinformatics, University of Prešov, 17. novembra 1, 080 01 Prešov, Slovakia)

  • Peter Mocák

    (Department of Geography and Applied Geoinformatics, University of Prešov, 17. novembra 1, 080 01 Prešov, Slovakia)

  • Piotr Pachura

    (Department of Management and Entrepreneurship, Częstochowa University of Technology, Al. Armii Krajowej 19 B, 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland)

  • Mark Payne

    (Department of Education, University of Sheffield, Edgar Allen House, 241 Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2GW, UK)

Abstract

The main objective of this study is to demonstrate that opportunities to support the poor marginalised Roma communities (MRCs) by creating opportunities for their active participation in tourism development have been under-ultilised to date. In particular, the application of a pro-poor tourism (PPT) approach is an advantage that allows the cultural specificities of the MRCs to be exploited for their own development. A risk factor for successful implementation is the considerable differentiation within Roma communities. This study analyses the approaches of 65 municipalities of the Central Spiš region to the development of PPT as an option for poverty reduction in the MRCs in Slovakia. Based on the analysis of the local preconditions for tourism development, the specific potential for the development of Roma culture and the traditional economic activities, human resources, and the degree of segregation, we show that there is no universal solution that would be applicable in all communities. The limited possibilities to obtain relevant data determined the analysis options we used. Therefore, we used a mixed-method approach, in which we subjected the quantitative data to qualitative analysis based on interviews with the mayors of the communities being studied. Four assumptions were verified in the aforementioned way: (1) the MRCs in villages in the immediate vicinity of developed tourist centres show a higher level of activity in relation to their own development; (2) Roma who are active in small-scale farming will also be more active in maintaining other traditional craft activities, typical for Roma communities in Slovakia, forming the basis for the development of their own PPT product; (3) the activity of NGO’s focusing on the development of the local MRC’s is not a guarantee for the development of PPT activities in the villages; and finally that (4) the high level of segregation of marginalised Roma communities is a major obstacle for the implementation of PPT. This paper concludes with a typology of municipalities in relation to the preconditions for the development of PPT, which can be considered as a contribution to the discussion on the possibilities of a differentiated approach to PPT development strategies at the level of municipalities with the numerous MRC’s.

Suggested Citation

  • Kvetoslava Matlovičová & Jana Kolesárová & Michaela Demková & Katarína Kostilníková & Peter Mocák & Piotr Pachura & Mark Payne, 2022. "Stimulating Poverty Alleviation by Developing Tourism in Marginalised Roma Communities: A Case Study of the Central Spiš Region (Slovakia)," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-23, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:11:y:2022:i:10:p:1689-:d:929489
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. David Harrison, 2008. "Pro-poor Tourism: a critique," Third World Quarterly, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 29(5), pages 851-868.
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    Cited by:

    1. Pengyang Zhang & Lewen Zhang & Dandan Han & Tingting Wang & He Zhu & Yongtao Chen, 2023. "Coupled and Coordinated Development of the Tourism Industry and Urbanization in Marginal and Less Developed Regions—Taking the Mountainous Border Areas of Western Yunnan as a Case Study," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-24, March.
    2. Destina Samani & Keith Bosak & Sarah J. Halvorson, 2023. "Community-Centered Sustainable Ecotourism Planning in the Bossou Forest Reserve, Guinea, West Africa," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-24, March.

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