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Landscape Ecological Risk Assessment under Multiple Indicators

Author

Listed:
  • Xupu Li

    (School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China)

  • Shuangshuang Li

    (School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China)

  • Yufeng Zhang

    (School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China)

  • Patrick J. O’Connor

    (Centre for Global Food and Resources, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia)

  • Liwei Zhang

    (School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China)

  • Junping Yan

    (School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China)

Abstract

Rapid urbanization and intensification of human activities increases the risk of disturbance of ecological systems via multiple sources, with consequences for regional ecological security and health. Landscape ecological risk assessment (LERA) is an effective way to identify and allocate risk to resources. We used the north and south Qinling Mountain area as a case study to analyze the spatial heterogeneity of landscape ecological risk using a potential- connectedness-resilience three-dimensional (PCR 3D) framework based on an integrated and dynamic risk assessment concept from adaptive cycle theory. We explored factors driving the risks with a spatial model GeoDetector. The results show that the comprehensive landscape ecological risk was north–south polarized and dominated by low and moderate risk levels (90.13% of total risk) across the whole study area. The high-risk area was centered on the Weihe plain north of the Qinling Mountains (NQL), while low-risk areas accounted for 86.87% of the total area and were prevalent across the south of the study area. The areas with high potential and connectedness risks were centered in the Xi’an–Xianyang urban agglomeration and those with high-resilience risk were in the upper reaches of the Hanjiang River. The vast majority of the area to the south of the Qinling Mountains (SQL) is at low risk. In terms of driving forces, population density and vegetation coverage (NDVI) are the primary factors affecting landscape ecological risk. Our findings suggest that anthropogenic activity is the primary cause of landscape ecological risks in the study area and regional socioeconomic exploitation and environmental conservation need to be rebalanced to achieve sustainability for the social ecosystem. The PCR 3D LERA framework employed in this study can be used to inform landscape ecological health and security and to optimize socioeconomic progress at regional scales.

Suggested Citation

  • Xupu Li & Shuangshuang Li & Yufeng Zhang & Patrick J. O’Connor & Liwei Zhang & Junping Yan, 2021. "Landscape Ecological Risk Assessment under Multiple Indicators," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-16, July.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:10:y:2021:i:7:p:739-:d:594384
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

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    3. Fuwei Qiao & Yongping Bai & Lixia Xie & Xuedi Yang & Shuaishuai Sun, 2021. "Spatio-Temporal Characteristics of Landscape Ecological Risks in the Ecological Functional Zone of the Upper Yellow River, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(24), pages 1-19, December.
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    6. Yanping Yang & Jianjun Chen & Yanping Lan & Guoqing Zhou & Haotian You & Xiaowen Han & Yu Wang & Xue Shi, 2022. "Landscape Pattern and Ecological Risk Assessment in Guangxi Based on Land Use Change," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-20, January.
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    8. Hengrui Zhang & Jianing Zhang & Zhuozhuo Lv & Linjie Yao & Ning Zhang & Qing Zhang, 2023. "Spatio-Temporal Assessment of Landscape Ecological Risk and Associated Drivers: A Case Study of the Yellow River Basin in Inner Mongolia," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(6), pages 1-15, May.
    9. Lingfan Ju & Yan Liu & Jin Yang & Mingshun Xiang & Qing Xiang & Wenkai Hu & Zhengyi Ding, 2023. "Construction of Nature Reserves’ Ecological Security Pattern Based on Landscape Ecological Risk Assessment: A Case Study of Garze Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-20, May.
    10. Yichen Yan & Hongrun Ju & Shengrui Zhang & Guokun Chen, 2021. "The Construction of Ecological Security Patterns in Coastal Areas Based on Landscape Ecological Risk Assessment—A Case Study of Jiaodong Peninsula, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(22), pages 1-16, November.

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