IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jjrfmx/v15y2022i7p317-d868112.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Is Bitcoin a Safe Haven for Indian Investors? A GARCH Volatility Analysis

Author

Listed:
  • Sarika Murty

    (Department of Economics, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore 560029, India)

  • Vijay Victor

    (Accounting, Economics and Finance Area, T A Pai Management Institute, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India)

  • Maria Fekete-Farkas

    (Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 2100 Godollo, Hungary)

Abstract

This paper attempts to understand the dynamic interrelationships and financial asset capabilities of Bitcoin by analysing several aspects of its volatility vis-a-vis other asset classes. This study aims to analyse the volatility dynamics of the returns of Bitcoin. An asymmetric GARCH model (EGARCH) is used to investigate whether Bitcoin may be useful in risk management and ideal for risk-averse investors in anticipation of negative shocks to the market (leverage effect). This paper also examines Bitcoin as an investment and hedge alternative to gold as well as NSE NIFTY using a multivariate DCC GARCH model. DCC GARCH models are also used to check whether correlation (co-movement) between the markets is time-varying, examine returns and volatility spillovers between markets and the effect of the outbreak of COVID-19 in India on the investigated markets. The results show that given the supply of Bitcoin is fixed, low returns realisation is equivalent to excess supply over demand wherein investors are selling off Bitcoin during bad times. The positive co-movement between Bitcoin and gold during the COVID-19 outbreak shows that investors perceived Bitcoin as a relatively safe investment. However, overall analysis shows that Bitcoin was not considered a safe hedge and an investment option by Indian investors during the study period.

Suggested Citation

  • Sarika Murty & Vijay Victor & Maria Fekete-Farkas, 2022. "Is Bitcoin a Safe Haven for Indian Investors? A GARCH Volatility Analysis," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-13, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jjrfmx:v:15:y:2022:i:7:p:317-:d:868112
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1911-8074/15/7/317/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1911-8074/15/7/317/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Pavel Ciaian & Miroslava Rajcaniova & d’Artis Kancs, 2016. "The economics of BitCoin price formation," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 48(19), pages 1799-1815, April.
    2. Karl Oton Rudolf & Samer Ajour El Zein & Nicola Jackman Lansdowne, 2021. "Bitcoin as an Investment and Hedge Alternative. A DCC MGARCH Model Analysis," Risks, MDPI, vol. 9(9), pages 1-22, August.
    3. Budi Setiawan & Marwa Ben Abdallah & Maria Fekete-Farkas & Robert Jeyakumar Nathan & Zoltan Zeman, 2021. "GARCH (1,1) Models and Analysis of Stock Market Turmoil during COVID-19 Outbreak in an Emerging and Developed Economy," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-19, December.
    4. Muhammad Asif Khan & Masood Ahmed & József Popp & Judit Oláh, 2020. "US Policy Uncertainty and Stock Market Nexus Revisited through Dynamic ARDL Simulation and Threshold Modelling," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 8(11), pages 1-20, November.
    5. Winston Moore & Jeremy Stephen & Caroline Elliott, 2016. "Should cryptocurrencies be included in the portfolio of international reserves held by central banks?," Cogent Economics & Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 4(1), pages 1147119-114, December.
    6. Jin, Jingyu & Yu, Jiang & Hu, Yang & Shang, Yue, 2019. "Which one is more informative in determining price movements of hedging assets? Evidence from Bitcoin, gold and crude oil markets," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 527(C).
    7. Wei, Wang Chun, 2018. "The impact of Tether grants on Bitcoin," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 171(C), pages 19-22.
    8. Ali, Fahad & Jiang, Yuexiang & Sensoy, Ahmet, 2021. "Downside risk in Dow Jones Islamic equity indices: Precious metals and portfolio diversification before and after the COVID-19 bear market," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 58(C).
    9. Benoit Mandelbrot, 1963. "New Methods in Statistical Economics," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 71(5), pages 421-421.
    10. Aalborg, Halvor Aarhus & Molnár, Peter & de Vries, Jon Erik, 2019. "What can explain the price, volatility and trading volume of Bitcoin?," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 255-265.
    11. Capie, Forrest & Mills, Terence C. & Wood, Geoffrey, 2005. "Gold as a hedge against the dollar," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 15(4), pages 343-352, October.
    12. Fahim Afzal & Pan Haiying & Farman Afzal & Asif Mahmood & Amir Ikram, 2021. "Value-at-Risk Analysis for Measuring Stochastic Volatility of Stock Returns: Using GARCH-Based Dynamic Conditional Correlation Model," SAGE Open, , vol. 11(1), pages 21582440211, March.
    13. Yukun Liu & Aleh Tsyvinski, 2021. "Risks and Returns of Cryptocurrency," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 34(6), pages 2689-2727.
    14. Angela ROGOJANU & Liana BADEA, 2014. "The issue of competing currencies. Case study – Bitcoin," Theoretical and Applied Economics, Asociatia Generala a Economistilor din Romania / Editura Economica, vol. 0(1(590)), pages 103-114, January.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Wael Hemrit & Noureddine Benlagha & Racha Ben Arous & Mounira Ben Arab, 2023. "Exploring the time‐frequency connectedness among non‐fungible tokens and developed stock markets," Intelligent Systems in Accounting, Finance and Management, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 30(4), pages 192-207, October.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Ahmed, Walid M.A., 2022. "Robust drivers of Bitcoin price movements: An extreme bounds analysis," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 62(C).
    2. Parthajit Kayal & Purnima Rohilla, 2021. "Bitcoin in the economics and finance literature: a survey," SN Business & Economics, Springer, vol. 1(7), pages 1-21, July.
    3. Aurelio F. Bariviera & Ignasi Merediz‐Solà, 2021. "Where Do We Stand In Cryptocurrencies Economic Research? A Survey Based On Hybrid Analysis," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 35(2), pages 377-407, April.
    4. Dunbar, Kwamie & Owusu-Amoako, Johnson, 2023. "Predictability of crypto returns: The impact of trading behavior," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, Elsevier, vol. 39(C).
    5. Ghabri, Yosra & Ben Rhouma, Oussama & Gana, Marjène & Guesmi, Khaled & Benkraiem, Ramzi, 2022. "Information transmission among energy markets, cryptocurrencies, and stablecoins under pandemic conditions," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
    6. Danai Likitratcharoen & Pan Chudasring & Chakrin Pinmanee & Karawan Wiwattanalamphong, 2023. "The Efficiency of Value-at-Risk Models during Extreme Market Stress in Cryptocurrencies," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-21, March.
    7. Tomas Pečiulis & Nisar Ahmad & Angeliki N. Menegaki & Aqsa Bibi, 2024. "Forecasting of cryptocurrencies: Mapping trends, influential sources, and research themes," Journal of Forecasting, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 43(6), pages 1880-1901, September.
    8. Al Mamun, Md & Uddin, Gazi Salah & Suleman, Muhammad Tahir & Kang, Sang Hoon, 2020. "Geopolitical risk, uncertainty and Bitcoin investment," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 540(C).
    9. Yae, James & Tian, George Zhe, 2022. "Out-of-sample forecasting of cryptocurrency returns: A comprehensive comparison of predictors and algorithms," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 598(C).
    10. Bouri, Elie & Molnár, Peter & Azzi, Georges & Roubaud, David & Hagfors, Lars Ivar, 2017. "On the hedge and safe haven properties of Bitcoin: Is it really more than a diversifier?," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 20(C), pages 192-198.
    11. Xun Zhang & Fengbin Lu & Rui Tao & Shouyang Wang, 2021. "The time-varying causal relationship between the Bitcoin market and internet attention," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 7(1), pages 1-19, December.
    12. Obryan Poyser, 2017. "Exploring the determinants of Bitcoin's price: an application of Bayesian Structural Time Series," Papers 1706.01437, arXiv.org.
    13. Dunbar, Kwamie & Owusu-Amoako, Johnson, 2022. "Cryptocurrency returns under empirical asset pricing," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
    14. Aniruddha Dutta & Saket Kumar & Meheli Basu, 2020. "A Gated Recurrent Unit Approach to Bitcoin Price Prediction," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-16, February.
    15. repec:agr:journl:v:2(602):y:2015:i:2(602):p:77-90 is not listed on IDEAS
    16. Panagiotidis, Theodore & Stengos, Thanasis & Vravosinos, Orestis, 2019. "The effects of markets, uncertainty and search intensity on bitcoin returns," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 220-242.
    17. Bouraoui, Taoufik, 2020. "The drivers of Bitcoin trading volume in selected emerging countries," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 218-229.
    18. Flori, Andrea, 2019. "News and subjective beliefs: A Bayesian approach to Bitcoin investments," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 336-356.
    19. Nikolaos A. Kyriazis, 2021. "A Survey on Volatility Fluctuations in the Decentralized Cryptocurrency Financial Assets," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-46, June.
    20. Yang, Jen-Wei & Chiu, Shih-Yung & Yen, Kuang-Chieh, 2023. "Does the realized distribution-based measure dominate particular moments? Evidence from cryptocurrency markets," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 51(C).
    21. Beate Sauer, 2016. "Virtual Currencies, the Money Market, and Monetary Policy," International Advances in Economic Research, Springer;International Atlantic Economic Society, vol. 22(2), pages 117-130, May.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jjrfmx:v:15:y:2022:i:7:p:317-:d:868112. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.