IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v21y2024i8p971-d1442959.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Sociocultural Implications in the Development of Early Maladaptive Schemas in Adolescents Belonging to Sexual and Gender Minorities

Author

Listed:
  • Bruno Luiz Avelino Cardoso

    (Laboratory of Studies and Interventions in Cognitive and Contextual Therapies, Department of Psychology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil)

  • Ana Flávia Azevedo Lima

    (Laboratory of Studies and Interventions in Cognitive and Contextual Therapies, Department of Psychology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil)

  • Fabiana Rachel Martins Costa

    (Laboratory of Studies and Interventions in Cognitive and Contextual Therapies, Department of Psychology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil)

  • Christof Loose

    (Institute of Schema Therapy in Cologne (IST-K), 50667 Cologne, Germany)

  • Xi Liu

    (The SchemX Collective, Sydney 2042, Australia)

  • Matteo Angelo Fabris

    (Department of Psychology, University of Turin, 10124 Torino, Italy)

Abstract

Culture is a central theme across various theories and disciplines, influencing behavior and self-perception through interactions within social groups, families, and legal systems. This influence extends to the general population and particularly impacts sexual and gender minorities (SGMs), resulting in minority stress that contributes to mental health issues and the development of Early Maladaptive Schemas (EMSs). Adolescents within these groups face typical developmental stressors—such as hormonal changes and societal pressures—compounded by prejudice, increasing their vulnerability to depression, anxiety, stress, substance abuse, and eating disorders. Despite these challenges, Schema Therapy (ST) lacks comprehensive studies on the sociocultural aspects influencing EMS acquisition in SGM adolescents. This theoretical review aims to fill this gap by exploring the impact of society and culture on EMS development within SGM adolescents. We recognize the broad spectrum of cultural influences and emphasize the importance of cultural sensitivity and diversity. This review specifically addresses how societal and cultural dynamics impact SGM individuals, acknowledging that while ethnic or other cultural factors are not the focus of this paper, they merit future research. This manuscript will discuss central topics and their impact on LGBTQIA+ youth, including (1) the background (definition of culture, lack of studies on ST focusing on culture, and studies on adverse psychological outcomes), (2) minority stress theory and prejudice against sexual and gender diversity (distal and proximal stressors and sociocultural aspects), (3) EMSs and unmet emotional needs, (4) ST affirmative strategies (working with schema modes, imagery rescripting, chair work, and photo techniques), and (5) final considerations (limitations and research agenda).

Suggested Citation

  • Bruno Luiz Avelino Cardoso & Ana Flávia Azevedo Lima & Fabiana Rachel Martins Costa & Christof Loose & Xi Liu & Matteo Angelo Fabris, 2024. "Sociocultural Implications in the Development of Early Maladaptive Schemas in Adolescents Belonging to Sexual and Gender Minorities," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 21(8), pages 1-10, July.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:21:y:2024:i:8:p:971-:d:1442959
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/21/8/971/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/21/8/971/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Bockting, W.O. & Miner, M.H. & Swinburne Romine, R.E. & Hamilton, A. & Coleman, E., 2013. "Stigma, mental health, and resilience in an online sample of the US transgender population," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 103(5), pages 943-951.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Xu, Chen & Gong, Xingying & Fu, Wanyan & Xu, Yanjun & Xu, Haiyan & Chen, Wenjing & Li, Min, 2020. "The role of career adaptability and resilience in mental health problems in Chinese adolescents," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 112(C).
    2. Kia, Hannah & MacKinnon, Kinnon Ross & Abramovich, Alex & Bonato, Sarah, 2021. "Peer support as a protective factor against suicide in trans populations: A scoping review," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 279(C).
    3. Sulimani-Aidan, Yafit & Shilo, Guy & Paul, June C., 2024. "Increasing resilience among LGBTQ youth: The protective role of natural mentors," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 160(C).
    4. Zhang, Adary & Berrahou, Iman & Leonard, Stephanie A. & Main, Elliott K. & Obedin-Maliver, Juno, 2022. "Birth registration policies in the United States and their relevance to sexual and/or gender minority families: Identifying existing strengths and areas of improvement," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 293(C).
    5. Thespina Yamanis & Mannat Malik & Ana María Del Río-González & Andrea L. Wirtz & Erin Cooney & Maren Lujan & Ruby Corado & Tonia Poteat, 2018. "Legal Immigration Status is Associated with Depressive Symptoms among Latina Transgender Women in Washington, DC," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-15, June.
    6. Hafiz Muhammad Ahmad Abbas & Virdah Iram Gull & Khalid Ghaffar, 2018. "The Impact of Social Support on Psychological Distress among Khawajasira Community: The Mediated Effect of Self-Efficacy," Information Management and Business Review, AMH International, vol. 9(6), pages 36-40.
    7. Lewis, Tom & Doyle, David Matthew & Barreto, Manuela & Jackson, Debby, 2021. "Social relationship experiences of transgender people and their relational partners: A meta-synthesis," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 282(C).
    8. Geijtenbeek, Lydia & Plug, Erik, 2018. "Is there a penalty for registered women? Is there a premium for registered men? Evidence from a sample of transsexual workers," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 334-347.
    9. Sophie Evelyn & Elizabeth M. Clancy & Bianca Klettke & Ruth Tatnell, 2022. "A Phenomenological Investigation into Cyberbullying as Experienced by People Identifying as Transgender or Gender Diverse," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(11), pages 1-13, May.
    10. Ethan C Cicero & Sari L Reisner & Elizabeth I Merwin & Janice C Humphreys & Susan G Silva, 2020. "The health status of transgender and gender nonbinary adults in the United States," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(2), pages 1-20, February.
    11. Cristiano Scandurra & Agostino Carbone & Roberto Baiocco & Selene Mezzalira & Nelson Mauro Maldonato & Vincenzo Bochicchio, 2021. "Gender Identity Milestones, Minority Stress and Mental Health in Three Generational Cohorts of Italian Binary and Nonbinary Transgender People," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(17), pages 1-14, August.
    12. Sairaj M. Patki & Poonam Gandhi & Aditya P. Walawalkar & Anukriti A. Goyal, 2024. "Perceived social support, self-esteem, and depression among Indian trans men with and without sex reassignment surgery," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 11(1), pages 1-8, December.
    13. Cristiano Scandurra & Vincenzo Bochicchio & Anna Lisa Amodeo & Concetta Esposito & Paolo Valerio & Nelson Mauro Maldonato & Dario Bacchini & Roberto Vitelli, 2018. "Internalized Transphobia, Resilience, and Mental Health: Applying the Psychological Mediation Framework to Italian Transgender Individuals," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-19, March.
    14. King, Wesley M. & Hughto, Jaclyn M.W. & Operario, Don, 2020. "Transgender stigma: A critical scoping review of definitions, domains, and measures used in empirical research," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 250(C).
    15. Sara B. Oswalt & Alyssa M. Lederer, 2017. "Beyond Depression and Suicide: The Mental Health of Transgender College Students," Social Sciences, MDPI, vol. 6(1), pages 1-10, February.
    16. Mireille Bonierbale & Karine Baumstarck & Aurelie Maquigneau & Audrey Gorin-Lazard & Laurent Boyer & Anderson Loundou & Pascal Auquier & Christophe Lançon, 2016. "MMPI-2 Profile of French Transsexuals: The Role of Sociodemographic and ă Clinical Factors. A cross-sectional design," Post-Print hal-01482543, HAL.
    17. Hannah Van Borm & Marlot Dhoop & Allien Van Acker & Stijn Baert, 2020. "What does someone's gender identity signal to employers?," International Journal of Manpower, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 41(6), pages 753-777, March.
    18. White Hughto, Jaclyn M. & Reisner, Sari L. & Pachankis, John E., 2015. "Transgender stigma and health: A critical review of stigma determinants, mechanisms, and interventions," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 147(C), pages 222-231.
    19. Booth, Jonathan E. & Beauregard, T. Alexandra, 2019. "Workplace silence, today? Transgender employees' voice and well-being," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 114334, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    20. Jennifer R. Pharr & Lung-Chang Chien & Maxim Gakh & Jason D. Flatt & Krystal Kittle & Emylia Terry, 2022. "Moderating Effect of Community and Individual Resilience on Structural Stigma and Suicidal Ideation among Sexual and Gender Minority Adults in the United States," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(21), pages 1-13, November.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:21:y:2024:i:8:p:971-:d:1442959. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.