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Mechanisms Explaining the Longitudinal Effect of Psychosocial Safety Climate on Work Engagement and Emotional Exhaustion among Education and Healthcare Professionals during the COVID-19 Pandemic

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  • Kelly Bourgoin Boucher

    (Department of Management, Faculty of Business & Administration, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
    Center of Expertise for the Management of Occupational Health and Safety, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
    VITAM—Research Center for Sustainable Health, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1J 2G1, Canada)

  • Hans Ivers

    (School of Psychology, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada)

  • Caroline Biron

    (Department of Management, Faculty of Business & Administration, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
    Center of Expertise for the Management of Occupational Health and Safety, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
    VITAM—Research Center for Sustainable Health, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1J 2G1, Canada)

Abstract

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the education and healthcare sectors were severely affected. There is a need to investigate the ways in which these workers in at-risk sectors can be protected and through what mechanisms. The aims of this research are, therefore, (1) to assess the mediating role of job demands and resources in the relationship between psychosocial safety climate (PSC) and work engagement and emotional exhaustion, and (2) to test for sector-specific differences among education and healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic. In the study, which employed a longitudinal design including three measurement times, 70 education professionals and 69 healthcare professionals completed a questionnaire measuring PSC, psychological demands, social support, recognition, work engagement, and emotional exhaustion. The results show that PSC was significantly higher among education professionals than among healthcare professionals. When considering both job sectors together, mediation analyses show that social support mediates the PSC–work engagement relationship, while psychological demands mediate the PSC–emotional exhaustion relationship. Moderated mediation analyses show that job sector is a moderator: among education professionals, colleague support and recognition mediate the PSC–work engagement relationship, and psychological demands mediate the PSC–emotional exhaustion relationship. PSC is associated with more balanced job demands and resources, higher work engagement, and lower emotional exhaustion among education and healthcare professionals. The study of these two sectors, which are both vital to society but also more exposed to adverse work conditions, shows the importance that managers and executives must attach to their mental health by improving their respective working conditions.

Suggested Citation

  • Kelly Bourgoin Boucher & Hans Ivers & Caroline Biron, 2024. "Mechanisms Explaining the Longitudinal Effect of Psychosocial Safety Climate on Work Engagement and Emotional Exhaustion among Education and Healthcare Professionals during the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 21(6), pages 1-20, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:21:y:2024:i:6:p:698-:d:1404656
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Nicola Magnavita & Paolo Maurizio Soave & Walter Ricciardi & Massimo Antonelli, 2020. "Occupational Stress and Mental Health among Anesthetists during the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(21), pages 1-14, November.
    2. Sari Mansour & Malik Faisal Azeem & Maureen Dollard & Rachael Potter, 2022. "How Psychosocial Safety Climate Helped Alleviate Work Intensification Effects on Presenteeism during the COVID-19 Crisis? A Moderated Mediation Model," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(20), pages 1-18, October.
    3. Maryline Vivion & Nathalie Jauvin & Nektaria Nicolakakis & Mariève Pelletier & Marie-Claude Letellier & Caroline Biron, 2023. "Psychosocial Risks among Quebec Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Social Media Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(12), pages 1-15, June.
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