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Industrial Symbiosis for Sustainable Management of Meat Waste: The Case of Śmiłowo Eco-Industrial Park, Poland

Author

Listed:
  • Zygmunt Kowalski

    (Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences, Wybickiego 7a, 31-261 Cracow, Poland)

  • Joanna Kulczycka

    (Faculty of Management, AGH University of Science and Technology, Gramatyka 10, 30-067 Cracow, Poland)

  • Agnieszka Makara

    (Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland)

  • Giovanni Mondello

    (Sustainability Lab, Department of Economics, University of Messina, Via dei Verdi, 75-98122 Messina, Italy)

  • Roberta Salomone

    (Sustainability Lab, Department of Economics, University of Messina, Via dei Verdi, 75-98122 Messina, Italy)

Abstract

This study presents the developing process of the Śmiłowo Eco-Park, located in the Noteć valley region (Poland), is a part of the biggest Polish agri-food consortium, from its initial small waste management company to its final structure as an eco-industrial park using industrial symbiosis methods. The industrial symbiosis applied in the Eco-park promotes a business model which covers the whole life cycle of the products starting from the plant growing by animal feed preparation, livestock breeding, meat preparations, meat-bone meal production from animal waste, and the use of pig slurry as a fertilizer. The Eco-park model is presented in the form of a system of connected stream flows of materials and energy covering the full lifecycle of products, from cereal cultivation, through the production of industrial feed, and poultry and pig breeding for the production of meat products. The solutions used include the prevention of environmental pollution through the modernization of existing processes, implementation of new technologies, reduction of waste and its reuse, recycling, and recovery of materials and energy, the substitution of raw materials with waste, and thermal treatment of waste and its use as biofuel. This case study allows for analyses of the organizational and technical key strategic activities which enable waste, including hazardous waste, to be transformed into valuable materials and energy. These activities have modified the system of material and energy flows through the value chain to realize the goal of allowing profitable management of waste according to circular economy methods and also indicates methods of supporting modifications of supply chains in terms of implementation of the industrial symbiosis business model according to its relationship with sustainable development, cleaner production, and circular economy models. EIP Śmiłowo annually utilizes 300,000 t meat waste, produces 110,000 t meat bone meal biofuel, uses 120,000 t of pig manure as fertilizers, produces 460,000 GJ bioenergy, eliminates 92,000 t CO 2 emissions.

Suggested Citation

  • Zygmunt Kowalski & Joanna Kulczycka & Agnieszka Makara & Giovanni Mondello & Roberta Salomone, 2023. "Industrial Symbiosis for Sustainable Management of Meat Waste: The Case of Śmiłowo Eco-Industrial Park, Poland," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(6), pages 1-22, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:6:p:5162-:d:1097815
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Taddeo, Raffaella & Simboli, Alberto & Morgante, Anna & Erkman, Suren, 2017. "The Development of Industrial Symbiosis in Existing Contexts. Experiences From Three Italian Clusters," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 55-67.
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    4. Tudor, Terry & Adam, Emma & Bates, Margaret, 2007. "Drivers and limitations for the successful development and functioning of EIPs (eco-industrial parks): A literature review," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 61(2-3), pages 199-207, March.
    5. Roxana Lavinia Pacurariu & Sorin Daniel Vatca & Elena Simina Lakatos & Laura Bacali & Mircea Vlad, 2021. "A Critical Review of EU Key Indicators for the Transition to the Circular Economy," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(16), pages 1-19, August.
    6. Michael Martin, 2020. "Evaluating the environmental performance of producing soil and surfaces through industrial symbiosis," Journal of Industrial Ecology, Yale University, vol. 24(3), pages 626-638, June.
    7. Noel Brings Jacobsen, 2006. "Industrial Symbiosis in Kalundborg, Denmark: A Quantitative Assessment of Economic and Environmental Aspects," Journal of Industrial Ecology, Yale University, vol. 10(1‐2), pages 239-255, January.
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    1. Giselle Rentería Núñez & David Perez-Castillo, 2023. "Business Models for Industrial Symbiosis: A Literature Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-24, June.
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