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Linking Ecosystem Service Supply and Demand to Evaluate the Ecological Security in the Pearl River Delta Based on the Pressure-State-Response Model

Author

Listed:
  • Wei Liu

    (College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China)

  • Jinyan Zhan

    (State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China)

  • Yongbo Zhai

    (Shandong Provincial Institute of Territorial Space Planning, Jinan 250014, China)

  • Fen Zhao

    (School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China)

  • Michael Asiedu Kumi

    (State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China)

  • Chao Wang

    (School of Labor Economics, Capital University of Economics and Business, Beijing 100070, China)

  • Chunyue Bai

    (State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China)

  • Huihui Wang

    (State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China)

Abstract

The increase in population and economic development has made environmental issues more serious and threatens regional ecological security and sustainable development. Currently, most indicators in the related research field of ecological security tend to be socio-economic and neglect depicting the state of the ecosystems. This study, therefore, assessed the ecological security by constructing the evaluation index system embedded in the ecosystem service supply and demand based on the pressure–state–response model and identified the key obstacles to ecological security in the Pearl River Delta from 1990 to 2015. Our results showed that soil retention, carbon sequestration, and water yield increased with fluctuation except for grain production and habitat quality. The grain demand, carbon emission, and water demand increased sharply by 10.1%, 769.4%, and 17.5%, respectively. The ecosystem service supply areas were mainly located in the low hills, while the demand regions were mainly in the low plain areas. The ecological security index’s decline in vitality was caused by the decrease in the pressure index, indicating that the ecological security showed an inevitable deterioration and increased pressure on the ecosystem. During the study period, the source of the five key obstacle factors changed from the state layer and response layer to the pressure layer. The accumulative degree of the five top obstacle factors was above 45%. Therefore, governments should grasp the key indicators to improve ecological security as this study provides the theoretical basis and scientific information for sustainable development.

Suggested Citation

  • Wei Liu & Jinyan Zhan & Yongbo Zhai & Fen Zhao & Michael Asiedu Kumi & Chao Wang & Chunyue Bai & Huihui Wang, 2023. "Linking Ecosystem Service Supply and Demand to Evaluate the Ecological Security in the Pearl River Delta Based on the Pressure-State-Response Model," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(5), pages 1-14, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:5:p:4062-:d:1079224
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Gong, Jian-zhou & Liu, Yan-sui & Xia, Bei-cheng & Zhao, Guan-wei, 2009. "Urban ecological security assessment and forecasting, based on a cellular automata model: A case study of Guangzhou, China," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 220(24), pages 3612-3620.
    2. Mengting Chen & Liang Zheng & Dike Zhang & Jiangfeng Li, 2022. "Spatio-Temporal Evolution and Obstacle Factors Analysis of Tourism Ecological Security in Huanggang Dabieshan UNESCO Global Geopark," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(14), pages 1-22, July.
    3. Shan, Yuli & Liu, Jianghua & Liu, Zhu & Xu, Xinwanghao & Shao, Shuai & Wang, Peng & Guan, Dabo, 2016. "New provincial CO2 emission inventories in China based on apparent energy consumption data and updated emission factors," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 184(C), pages 742-750.
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    1. Zeduo Zou & Xiaodie Yuan & Zhuo Zhang & Xingyan Li & Chunshan Zhou, 2024. "Spatiotemporal Evolution and Influencing Factors of Coupling and Coordination between the Ecosystem Service Value and Economy in the Pearl River Delta Urban Agglomeration of China," Land, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-27, October.
    2. Jian Teng & Jun Chang & Yongbo Zhai & Xiaomin Qin & Zuotang Yin & Liangjie Guo & Wei Liu, 2025. "Lagged and Instantaneous Effects Between Vegetation and Surface Water Storage in the Yellow River Basin," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(4), pages 1-18, February.

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