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Associations between Alcohol-Free Sources of Reinforcement and the Frequency of Alcohol and Cannabis Co-Use among College Freshmen

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  • Daiil Jun

    (Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
    Cofrin Logan Center for Addiction Research and Treatment, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA)

  • Tera L. Fazzino

    (Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
    Cofrin Logan Center for Addiction Research and Treatment, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA)

Abstract

Co-use of alcohol and cannabis is common among young adults in the United States. A behavioral economics framework indicates that greater engagement in substance-free sources of reinforcement may be protective against co-use frequency. The current study tested the association between proportionate alcohol-free reinforcement and the frequency of co-use among college freshmen. Participants (N = 86) were freshmen who enrolled in a freshman orientation course and completed surveys at the beginning of the semester. Past month alcohol use, cannabis use, and reinforcement from alcohol-free and alcohol-involved activities were assessed. A zero-inflated Poisson regression was used to test the association between proportionate alcohol-free reinforcement and days of co-use. The results indicated that proportionate alcohol-free reinforcement was negatively associated with co-use days in the count model when controlling for alcohol use days and gender as covariates (β: −3.28, p = 0.016). Proportionate alcohol-free reinforcement did not significantly differentiate individuals who did not engage in co-use in the zero-inflated model (β: −1.68, p = 0.497). The study suggested that greater proportionate alcohol-free reinforcement may be associated with lower engagement in the co-use of alcohol and cannabis among young adults. Increasing engagement in alcohol-free sources of reinforcement may be considered a target for co-use prevention or harm reduction efforts.

Suggested Citation

  • Daiil Jun & Tera L. Fazzino, 2023. "Associations between Alcohol-Free Sources of Reinforcement and the Frequency of Alcohol and Cannabis Co-Use among College Freshmen," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(4), pages 1-9, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:4:p:2884-:d:1060087
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Zeileis, Achim & Kleiber, Christian & Jackman, Simon, 2008. "Regression Models for Count Data in R," Journal of Statistical Software, Foundation for Open Access Statistics, vol. 27(i08).
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    1. Alexa M. L’Insalata & Jeffrey M. Girard & Tera L. Fazzino, 2024. "Sources of Environmental Reinforcement and Engagement in Health Risk Behaviors Among a General Population Sample of US Adults," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 21(11), pages 1-15, October.

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