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Effects of Mindfulness-Based Interventions on Promoting Athletic Performance and Related Factors among Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trial

Author

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  • Yan Wang

    (Faculty of Education, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR 999078, China)

  • Si-Man Lei

    (Faculty of Education, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR 999078, China)

  • Jingjing Fan

    (Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Sports University, Shanghai 200438, China)

Abstract

In recent years, mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) have been widely applied in competition sports with respect to athletic performance and mental health promotion, whereas evidence of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) has not been well summarized. Therefore, this study aimed to systematically review and meta-analyze the existing evidence on the effects of MBIs on improving athletic performance, mindfulness level, mindfulness-related psychological components (e.g., acceptance, self-compassion, flow), and mental health (e.g., burnout, stress, psychological well-being) among athletes. Following the PRISMA guidelines, a literature search was implemented on five electronic databases (Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, and ScienceDirect) and relevant review papers. The article selection, risk of bias assessment, and data extraction were performed by two investigators independently. The standardized mean difference (SMD) was calculated to evaluate the effects of interventions using the random effect model. Among the 1897 original hits, thirty-two eligible RCT studies were included in the systematic review, of which seven were involved in the meta-analysis. The results showed that MBIs were effective in promoting athletes’ athletic performances (by narrative synthesis), mindfulness-level (n = 3; SMD = 0.50, 95% CI = [0.17, 0.83]; I 2 = 45%, p = 0.16), and mindfulness-related psychological components (n = 5; SMD = 0.81, 95% CI = [0.53, 1.10], I 2 = 77%, p =0.001), while no significant intervention effects were found on the mental health of athletes (n = 4; SMD = −0.03, 95% CI = [−0.35, 0.29], I 2 = 89%, p < 0.001). Our findings preliminarily support the potential effectiveness of MBIs, whereas more high-quality RCTs were needed in the future.

Suggested Citation

  • Yan Wang & Si-Man Lei & Jingjing Fan, 2023. "Effects of Mindfulness-Based Interventions on Promoting Athletic Performance and Related Factors among Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trial," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-16, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:3:p:2038-:d:1044166
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Yuxin Zhu & Fenghua Sun & Chunxiao Li & Daniel Hung Kay Chow, 2020. "Acute Effects of Brief Mindfulness Intervention Coupled with Carbohydrate Ingestion to Re-Energize Soccer Players: A Randomized Crossover Trial," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(23), pages 1-11, December.
    2. Mahmoud Mohebi & Dena Sadeghi-Bahmani & Sahar Zarei & Hassan Gharayagh Zandi & Serge Brand, 2021. "Examining the Effects of Mindfulness–Acceptance–Commitment Training on Self-Compassion and Grit among Elite Female Athletes," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(1), pages 1-16, December.
    3. Yago Carioca Baltar & Alberto Filgueiras, 2018. "The Effects of Mindfulness Meditation on Attentional Control During Off-Season Among Football Players," SAGE Open, , vol. 8(2), pages 21582440187, June.
    4. D. L. I. H. K. Peiris & Yanping Duan & Corneel Vandelanotte & Wei Liang & Min Yang & Julien Steven Baker, 2022. "Effects of In-Classroom Physical Activity Breaks on Children’s Academic Performance, Cognition, Health Behaviours and Health Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Tr," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(15), pages 1-27, August.
    5. Min Yang & Yanping Duan & Wei Liang & D. L. I. H. K. Peiris & Julien Steven Baker, 2023. "Effects of Face-to-Face and eHealth Blended Interventions on Physical Activity, Diet, and Weight-Related Outcomes among Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(2), pages 1-23, January.
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    Cited by:

    1. Pierluigi Diotaiuti & Giuseppe Valente & Stefano Corrado & Stefania Mancone, 2023. "Assessing Decentering Capacity in Athletes: A Moderated Mediation Model," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(4), pages 1-13, February.

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