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Social and Metabolic Determinants of Prevalent Hypertension in Men and Women: A Cluster Analysis from a Population-Based Study

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  • Cornelia Bala

    (Department of Diabetes and Nutrition, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania)

  • Adriana Rusu

    (Department of Diabetes and Nutrition, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania)

  • Oana Florentina Gheorghe-Fronea

    (Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
    Cardiology Department, Clinical Emergency Hospital Bucharest, 014461 Bucharest, Romania)

  • Theodora Benedek

    (Cardiology Department, County Clinical Emergency Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, “Gheorghe Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania)

  • Calin Pop

    (Emergency Clinical County Hospital Baia Mare, Faculty of Medicine, “Vasile Goldiș” West University, 430130 Baia Mare, Romania)

  • Aura Elena Vijiiac

    (Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
    Cardiology Department, Clinical Emergency Hospital Bucharest, 014461 Bucharest, Romania)

  • Diana Stanciulescu

    (Cardiology Department, Clinical Emergency Hospital Bucharest, 014461 Bucharest, Romania)

  • Dan Darabantiu

    (Department of Cardiology, Arad Emergency Clinical County Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, “Vasile Goldiș” West University, 310025 Arad, Romania)

  • Gabriela Roman

    (Department of Diabetes and Nutrition, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania)

  • Maria Dorobantu

    (Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
    Romanian Academy, 010071 Bucharest, Romania)

Abstract

Essential hypertension (HTN) has a complex spectrum of pathophysiological determinants and current guidelines provide limited information on high-risk groups that should be targeted for its primary prevention. The objective of our research was to identify clusters of social and metabolic factors associated with prevalent HTN in men and women from a population-based survey in Romania. Of the 1477 participants in the main study, 798 with complete data were analyzed here. Using two-step cluster analysis, one high-risk cluster in women and two high and intermediate risk for prevalent HTN in men were identified. Older age, rural area, lower education, and higher burden of metabolic factors characterized clusters with higher risk, while intermediate risk in men was characterized by a more metabolically healthy phenotype in younger individuals. In logistic regression, men in Cluster 1 vs. those in Cluster 3 had an odds ratio (OR) of 9.6 (95%CI: 4.6; 20.0), p < 0.001 for prevalent HTN, while OR for Cluster 2 vs. Cluster 3 was 3.2 (95%CI: 1.4; 7.4), p = 0.005. In women, the OR for HTN was 10.2 (95%CI: 5.7; 18.5) if assigned to Cluster 2 vs. Cluster 1, p < 0.001. These results pointed out the subgroups and communities that the primary prevention of HTN should be prioritized in.

Suggested Citation

  • Cornelia Bala & Adriana Rusu & Oana Florentina Gheorghe-Fronea & Theodora Benedek & Calin Pop & Aura Elena Vijiiac & Diana Stanciulescu & Dan Darabantiu & Gabriela Roman & Maria Dorobantu, 2023. "Social and Metabolic Determinants of Prevalent Hypertension in Men and Women: A Cluster Analysis from a Population-Based Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-15, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:3:p:1736-:d:1039332
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. United Nations UN, 2015. "Transforming our World: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development," Working Papers id:7559, eSocialSciences.
    2. Cosmin Cojocaru & Aura-Elena Vîjîiac & Oana Gheorghe-Fronea & Teodora Mohaiu & Lucian Itu & Maria Dorobanțu, 2022. "Nine-Year Trends in Atrial Fibrillation Prevalence among Romanian Adult Hypertensives: A Post-Hoc Analysis of SEPHAR II-IV Surveys," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(15), pages 1-12, July.
    3. Dongdong Sun & Jielin Liu & Lei Xiao & Ya Liu & Zuoguang Wang & Chuang Li & Yongxin Jin & Qiong Zhao & Shaojun Wen, 2017. "Recent development of risk-prediction models for incident hypertension: An updated systematic review," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(10), pages 1-19, October.
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