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Exercise Effects on Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL), Muscular Function, Cardiorespiratory Function, and Body Composition in Smokers: A Narrative Review

Author

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  • Nduduzo Msizi Shandu

    (Department of Human Movement Science, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa)

  • Musa Lewis Mathunjwa

    (Department of Human Movement Science, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa)

  • Ina Shaw

    (School of Sport, Rehabilitation and Exercise Science, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK)

  • Brandon Stuwart Shaw

    (School of Sport, Rehabilitation and Exercise Science, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK)

Abstract

Smoking is amongst the leading global threats with high incidences of preventable premature mortality, morbidity, and various chronic diseases. The World Health Organization (WHO) proclaims a decrease in the prevalence of daily smoking in both males and females from 1980 to 2012, however, the number of regular smokers since then has exponentially increased. The low socio-income status individuals contribute greatly towards tobacco-attributable diseases due to limited access to healthcare systems, mostly in developing countries as compared to developed countries. Smoking affects the optimal functioning of the human body, which results in altered body system processes. Although a high intake of nicotine can lead to prolonged adherence and dependence on smoking, other factors, such as an individual’s level of health-related quality of life (HRQOL), stress, depression, and anxiety, can produce similar effects. Smoking has a wide impact on lifestyle factors, which explains the increase in the number of sedentary smokers with decreased health fitness levels and poor lifestyle conditions. Therefore, this study seeks to investigate the exercise effects on health-related quality of life (HRQOL), muscular function, cardiorespiratory function, and body composition in smokers. Concurrently, exercise as an intervention has been sourced as a rehabilitation strategy during smoking cessation programmes to restore the diminishing health components, however, a high rate of relapse occurs due to intolerable withdrawal symptoms.

Suggested Citation

  • Nduduzo Msizi Shandu & Musa Lewis Mathunjwa & Ina Shaw & Brandon Stuwart Shaw, 2023. "Exercise Effects on Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL), Muscular Function, Cardiorespiratory Function, and Body Composition in Smokers: A Narrative Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(19), pages 1-11, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:19:p:6813-:d:1246257
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Yuhan Wen & Dongming Wang & Min Zhou & Yun Zhou & Yanjun Guo & Weihong Chen, 2019. "Potential Effects of Lung Function Reduction on Health-Related Quality of Life," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-12, January.
    2. Makoto Aoike & Yukihiro Mori & Yuka Aoyama & Mamoru Tanaka & Hana Kozai & Yukihiro Shigeno & Hatsumi Kawamura & Masato Tsurudome & Morihiro Ito, 2023. "Nicotine Dependence among College Students Uninterested in Smoking Cessation during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Survey," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(6), pages 1-12, March.
    3. Mahmood A. Alalwan & Jill M. Singer & Megan E. Roberts, 2022. "Factors Associated with Quit Interest and Quit Attempts among Young Adult JUUL Users," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-12, January.
    4. Tom F. Cuddy & Joyce S. Ramos & Lance C. Dalleck, 2019. "Reduced Exertion High-Intensity Interval Training is More Effective at Improving Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Cardiometabolic Health than Traditional Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-12, February.
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    Cited by:

    1. Phindile Zifikile Shangase & Nduduzo Msizi Shandu, 2024. "Perspectives of Hospital Staff on Barriers to Smoking Cessation Interventions among Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Patients in a South African Management Hospital," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 21(9), pages 1-11, August.

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