IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v20y2023i13p6206-d1177164.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Emissions and Exposures Associated with the Use of an Inconel Powder during Directed Energy Deposition Additive Manufacturing

Author

Listed:
  • Marelizé van Ree

    (Occupational Hygiene and Health Research Initiative (OHHRI), North-West University, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa)

  • Sonette du Preez

    (Occupational Hygiene and Health Research Initiative (OHHRI), North-West University, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa)

  • Johan L. du Plessis

    (Occupational Hygiene and Health Research Initiative (OHHRI), North-West University, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa)

Abstract

Additive manufacturing (AM) has been linked to potential exposure-related health risks, however, there is a paucity of sufficient research. This study aimed to supply information regarding emissions and exposure during directed energy deposition (DED) AM using inconel 718, with the main constituents being nickel, chromium, and cobalt. By using standardized occupational hygiene methods, the measurement strategy consisted of a combined approach, including powder characterization, particle emission monitoring, and personal exposure monitoring of AM operators. Powder characterization of virgin and used powder indicated no significant difference in particle size, shape, or elemental composition. Particle number emissions ranged between 10 2 and 10 5 p/cm 3 for submicron particles (<1 µm in size). There was no significant difference in the particle emission rate between the three phases of AM or the two types of DED machines ( p > 0.05). The particle emission rate for submicron particles peaked at 2.8 × 10 9 p/min. Metals of concern to human health were detected during the AM process but were considerably lower than the relevant exposure limits. This study confirms particle emissions, predominantly in the submicron range, above the background concentration during DED AM and, although insignificant in terms of potential health effects, AM operators are exposed to detectable concentrations of the metal constituents of inconel.

Suggested Citation

  • Marelizé van Ree & Sonette du Preez & Johan L. du Plessis, 2023. "Emissions and Exposures Associated with the Use of an Inconel Powder during Directed Energy Deposition Additive Manufacturing," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(13), pages 1-15, June.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:13:p:6206-:d:1177164
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/20/13/6206/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/20/13/6206/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Berman, Barry, 2012. "3-D printing: The new industrial revolution," Business Horizons, Elsevier, vol. 55(2), pages 155-162.
    2. Stuart Batterman, 2017. "Review and Extension of CO 2 -Based Methods to Determine Ventilation Rates with Application to School Classrooms," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(2), pages 1-22, February.
    3. Pål Graff & Bengt Ståhlbom & Eva Nordenberg & Andreas Graichen & Pontus Johansson & Helen Karlsson, 2017. "Evaluating Measuring Techniques for Occupational Exposure during Additive Manufacturing of Metals: A Pilot Study," Journal of Industrial Ecology, Yale University, vol. 21(S1), pages 120-129, November.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Ayman Altuwaim & Abdulelah AlTasan & Abdulmohsen Almohsen, 2023. "Success Criteria for Applying Construction Technologies in Residential Projects," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-15, April.
    2. Sher, Mikhail M. & Kim, Seung-Lae & Banerjee, Avijit & Paz, Michael T., 2018. "A supply chain coordination mechanism for common items subject to failure in the electronics, defense, and medical industries," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 203(C), pages 164-173.
    3. Francesco Cappa & Fausto Del Sette & Darren Hayes & Federica Rosso, 2016. "How to Deliver Open Sustainable Innovation: An Integrated Approach for a Sustainable Marketable Product," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(12), pages 1-14, December.
    4. Florinda Matos & Radu Godina & Celeste Jacinto & Helena Carvalho & Inês Ribeiro & Paulo Peças, 2019. "Additive Manufacturing: Exploring the Social Changes and Impacts," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(14), pages 1-18, July.
    5. Yizhe Yang & Bingshan Liu & Haochen Li & Xin Li & Xiaodong Liu & Gong Wang, 2023. "Automatic selection system of the building orientation based on double-layer priority aggregation multi-attribute decision-making," Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing, Springer, vol. 34(5), pages 2477-2493, June.
    6. Freund, Caroline & Mulabdic, Alen & Ruta, Michele, 2022. "Is 3D printing a threat to global trade? The trade effects you didn't hear about," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 138(C).
    7. Martin Baumers & Luca Beltrametti & Angelo Gasparre & Richard Hague, 2017. "Informing additive manufacturing technology adoption: total cost and the impact of capacity utilisation," International Journal of Production Research, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 55(23), pages 6957-6970, December.
    8. Diana D’Agostino & Martina Di Mascolo & Federico Minelli & Francesco Minichiello, 2024. "A New Tailored Approach to Calculate the Optimal Number of Outdoor Air Changes in School Building HVAC Systems in the Post-COVID-19 Era," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(11), pages 1-36, June.
    9. Na Liu & Pui-Sze Chow & Hongshan Zhao, 2020. "Challenges and critical successful factors for apparel mass customization operations: recent development and case study," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 291(1), pages 531-563, August.
    10. Jafari, Davoud & Wits, Wessel W., 2018. "The utilization of selective laser melting technology on heat transfer devices for thermal energy conversion applications: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 420-442.
    11. Nazanin Hosseini Arian & Alireza Pooya & Fariborz Rahimnia & Ali Sibevei, 2021. "Assessment the effect of rapid prototyping implementation on supply chain sustainability: a system dynamics approach," Operations Management Research, Springer, vol. 14(3), pages 467-493, December.
    12. George Cornel Dumitrescu & Ion Alexandru Tanase, 2016. "3D Printing – A New Industrial Revolution," Knowledge Horizons - Economics, Faculty of Finance, Banking and Accountancy Bucharest,"Dimitrie Cantemir" Christian University Bucharest, vol. 8(1), pages 32-39, March.
    13. Gedas Baranauskas & Agota Giedrė Raišienė & Renata Korsakienė, 2020. "Mapping the Scientific Research on Mass Customization Domain: A Critical Review and Bibliometric Analysis," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-20, September.
    14. Caviggioli, Federico & Ughetto, Elisa, 2019. "A bibliometric analysis of the research dealing with the impact of additive manufacturing on industry, business and society," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 208(C), pages 254-268.
    15. Andrea Szalavetz, 2017. "The Environmental Impact of Advanced Manufacturing Technologies: Examples from Hungary," Central European Business Review, Prague University of Economics and Business, vol. 2017(2), pages 18-29.
    16. Jaya Priyadarshini & Rajesh Kr Singh & Ruchi Mishra & Surajit Bag, 2022. "Investigating the interaction of factors for implementing additive manufacturing to build an antifragile supply chain: TISM-MICMAC approach," Operations Management Research, Springer, vol. 15(1), pages 567-588, June.
    17. Enrique Cano-Suñén & Ignacio Martínez & Ángel Fernández & Belén Zalba & Roberto Casas, 2023. "Internet of Things (IoT) in Buildings: A Learning Factory," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(16), pages 1-26, August.
    18. Maresch, Daniela & Gartner, Johannes, 2020. "Make disruptive technological change happen - The case of additive manufacturing," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 155(C).
    19. Richard Nagy & Ľudmila Mečiarová & Silvia Vilčeková & Eva Krídlová Burdová & Danica Košičanová, 2019. "Investigation of a Ventilation System for Energy Efficiency and Indoor Environmental Quality in a Renovated Historical Building: A Case Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(21), pages 1-17, October.
    20. Ghobadian, Abby & Talavera, Irene & Bhattacharya, Arijit & Kumar, Vikas & Garza-Reyes, Jose Arturo & O'Regan, Nicholas, 2020. "Examining legitimatisation of additive manufacturing in the interplay between innovation, lean manufacturing and sustainability," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 219(C), pages 457-468.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:13:p:6206-:d:1177164. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.