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Seaweed Derived Lipids Are a Potential Anti-Inflammatory Agent: A Review

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  • Agnieszka Jaworowska

    (Division of Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK)

  • Aliza Murtaza

    (School of Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham ME4 4TG, UK)

Abstract

Chronic, low-grade inflammation is linked to the development of non-communicable diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, and others which together contribute to more than 50% of deaths globally. Modulation of inflammatory responses may be a promising strategy, and n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA) may offer a new therapeutic option in inflammatory conditions. Seaweeds are characterised by high nutritional quality and are a good source of many bioactive compounds, including n-3 LC-PUFA. This review addresses the potential anti-inflammatory properties of seaweed derived lipids, and their immunomodulating mechanisms in order to identify the possible applications of seaweed as an anti-inflammatory functional food ingredient or dietary supplement. A few studies have evaluated the anti-inflammatory activity of seaweed lipids using crude lipid extracts, lipid fractions and isolated complex lipids from several seaweeds belonging to the Ochrophyta and Rhodophyta phyla, with only three Ulva rigida , Ulva sp. and Codium tomentosum within the Chlorophyta phylum. It was reported that seaweed derived lipids suppress inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression and reduce nuclear factor κB p100 and myeloid differentiation primary response 88 protein levels leading to the downregulation of the production of several pro-inflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide. Further investigations are required to unravel the complex mechanisms underlying their preventive action against chronic inflammation and their potential use as a new functional food ingredient and/or health supplement.

Suggested Citation

  • Agnieszka Jaworowska & Aliza Murtaza, 2022. "Seaweed Derived Lipids Are a Potential Anti-Inflammatory Agent: A Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(1), pages 1-24, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2022:i:1:p:730-:d:1021009
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Carolina P. Rocha & Diana Pacheco & João Cotas & João C. Marques & Leonel Pereira & Ana M. M. Gonçalves, 2021. "Seaweeds as Valuable Sources of Essential Fatty Acids for Human Nutrition," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(9), pages 1-17, May.
    2. Ruslan Medzhitov, 2008. "Origin and physiological roles of inflammation," Nature, Nature, vol. 454(7203), pages 428-435, July.
    3. Kelei Li & Tao Huang & Jusheng Zheng & Kejian Wu & Duo Li, 2014. "Effect of Marine-Derived n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on C-Reactive Protein, Interleukin 6 and Tumor Necrosis Factor α: A Meta-Analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(2), pages 1-1, February.
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