IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v19y2022i9p5267-d802522.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The COVID-19 Vaccination and Vaccine Inequity Worldwide: An Empirical Study Based on Global Data

Author

Listed:
  • Chuanlin Ning

    (School of Media and Communication, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China)

  • Han Wang

    (School of Journalism and Communication, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China)

  • Jing Wu

    (Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia)

  • Qinwei Chen

    (School of Journalism and Communication, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210097, China)

  • Huacheng Pei

    (School of Economics and Finance, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai 200083, China)

  • Hao Gao

    (School of Journalism and Communication, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210097, China)

Abstract

Vaccination is critical for controlling the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the progress of COVID-19 vaccination varies from different countries, and global vaccine inequity has been a worldwide public health issue. This study collected data from the Our World in Data COVID-19 vaccination data set between 13 December 2020 and 1 January 2022. The measurement reflecting the pandemic situation included New cases, New deaths, Hospital patients, ICU patients, and the Reproduction rate. Indicators for measuring the vaccination coverage included Total vaccinations per hundred and People vaccinated per hundred. The Human Development Index (HDI) measured the country’s development level. Findings indicated that countries with higher HDI have more adequate vaccine resources, and global vaccine inequity exists. The study also found that vaccination significantly mitigates the pandemic, and reaching 70% immunization coverage can further control the epidemic. In addition, the emergence of Omicron variants makes the COVID-19 epidemic situation even worse, suggesting the importance and necessity of addressing vaccine inequity. The globe will face a greater challenge in controlling the pandemic if lower-vaccinated countries do not increase their vaccination coverage. Addressing the issue of vaccine inequity needs the cooperation of HIC, LMIC, public health departments, and vaccine producers. Moreover, the media has to contribute to effective public health communication by raising public perceptions of the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccination, and vaccine inequity.

Suggested Citation

  • Chuanlin Ning & Han Wang & Jing Wu & Qinwei Chen & Huacheng Pei & Hao Gao, 2022. "The COVID-19 Vaccination and Vaccine Inequity Worldwide: An Empirical Study Based on Global Data," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(9), pages 1-13, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:9:p:5267-:d:802522
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/9/5267/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/9/5267/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Yang Ye & Qingpeng Zhang & Xuan Wei & Zhidong Cao & Hsiang-Yu Yuan & Daniel Dajun Zeng, 2022. "Equitable access to COVID-19 vaccines makes a life-saving difference to all countries," Nature Human Behaviour, Nature, vol. 6(2), pages 207-216, February.
    2. Hui Jin & Xinyi Qian & Tachia Chin & Hejie Zhang, 2020. "A Global Assessment of Sustainable Development Based on Modification of the Human Development Index via the Entropy Method," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-20, April.
    3. Ewen Callaway & Heidi Ledford, 2021. "How bad is Omicron? What scientists know so far," Nature, Nature, vol. 600(7888), pages 197-199, December.
    4. Hani Kim & Uros Novakovic, 2021. "Towards Solving Health Inequities: A Method to Identify Ideological Operation in Global Health Programs," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(9), pages 1-13, April.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Tit Albreht, 2023. "Challenges to Global Health Emerging from the COVID-19 Pandemic," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-16, May.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Erdoğan, Güneş & Yücel, Eda & Kiavash, Parinaz & Salman, F. Sibel, 2024. "Fair and effective vaccine allocation during a pandemic," Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 93(C).
    2. Kim, Dongwoo & Lee, Young Jun, 2022. "Vaccination strategies and transmission of COVID-19: Evidence across advanced countries," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
    3. Lanhua Zhang & Manxiu Ning & Chaoying Yang, 2023. "Evaluation of the Mechanism and Effectiveness of Digital Inclusive Finance to Drive Rural Industry Prosperity," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-17, March.
    4. Xiaowei Zeng & Xiaomei Yang & Shuai Zhong & Zhihua Wang & Yaxin Ding & Dan Meng & Ku Gao, 2023. "Comprehensive Evaluation of Resource and Environmental Carrying Capacity at a National Scale: A Case Study of Southeast Asia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-32, March.
    5. Anna Martyka & Dorota Jopek & Izabela Skrzypczak, 2022. "Analysis of the Sustainable Development Index in the Communes of the Podkarpackie Voivodeship: A Polish Case Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-23, August.
    6. Huizi Ma & Xuan Miao & Zhen Wang & Xiangrong Wang, 2023. "How Does Green Finance Affect the Sustainable Development of the Regional Economy? Evidence from China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-16, February.
    7. Xiaowei Ni & Yongbo Quan, 2023. "Measuring the Sustainable Development of Marine Economy Based on the Entropy Value Method: A Case Study in the Yangtze River Delta, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-16, April.
    8. Fanglei Zuo & Hassan Abolhassani & Likun Du & Antonio Piralla & Federico Bertoglio & Leire Campos-Mata & Hui Wan & Maren Schubert & Irene Cassaniti & Yating Wang & Josè Camilla Sammartino & Rui Sun & , 2022. "Heterologous immunization with inactivated vaccine followed by mRNA-booster elicits strong immunity against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-8, December.
    9. Xincheng Zhu & Yulin Liu & Xin Fang, 2022. "Revisiting the Sustainable Economic Welfare Growth in China: Provincial Assessment Based on the ISEW," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 162(1), pages 279-306, July.
    10. Anderson F. Brito & Elizaveta Semenova & Gytis Dudas & Gabriel W. Hassler & Chaney C. Kalinich & Moritz U. G. Kraemer & Joses Ho & Houriiyah Tegally & George Githinji & Charles N. Agoti & Lucy E. Matk, 2022. "Global disparities in SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-13, December.
    11. Kayode Olaide & Beatrice D. Simo-Kengne & Josine Uwilingiye, 2022. "Sustainable Development–Fiscal Federalism Nexus: A “Beyond GDP” Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-37, May.
    12. Hamid Jafarzadeh & Yangdong Feng, 2023. "Economic and Spatial Restructuring in the Aras Economic Zone: The Impact of Cross-Border Cooperation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-21, June.
    13. Bhawna MUDGAL & Hemlata MANGLANI, 2023. "A proposal for modified human development index for BRICS countries. A holistic approach towards sustainable human development," Theoretical and Applied Economics, Asociatia Generala a Economistilor din Romania / Editura Economica, vol. 0(3(636), A), pages 107-130, Autumn.
    14. Muckstadt, John A. & Klein, Michael G. & Jackson, Peter L. & Gougelet, Robert M. & Hupert, Nathaniel, 2023. "Efficient and effective large-scale vaccine distribution," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 262(C).
    15. Rughinis, Cosima & Vulpe, Simona Nicoleta & Flaherty, Michael G. & Vasile, Sorina, 2022. "Vaccination, life expectancy, and trust: Patterns of COVID-19 vaccination rates around the world," MPRA Paper 111981, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    16. Yujing Xiang & Qinli Zhang & Daolin Wang & Shihai Wu, 2022. "Mining Investment Risk Assessment for Nations along the Belt and Road Initiative," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-20, August.
    17. Hamid Jafarzadeh & Dongfeng Yang, 2023. "Impacts of the Belt and Roads Initiative on Sustainability: Local Approaches to Spatial Restructuring in the Aras Special Economic Zones," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(16), pages 1-20, August.
    18. Jean Bonnet & Eva Coll-Martínez & Patricia Renou-Maissant, 2021. "Evaluating Sustainable Development by Composite Index: Evidence from French Departments," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-23, January.
    19. Sahabi Kabir Sulaiman & Muhammad Sale Musa & Fatimah Isma’il Tsiga-Ahmed & Abdulwahab Kabir Sulaiman & Abdulaziz Tijjani Bako, 2024. "A systematic review and meta-analysis of the global prevalence and determinants of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and uptake in people living with HIV," Nature Human Behaviour, Nature, vol. 8(1), pages 100-114, January.
    20. Mengtian Zhang & Huiling Wang, 2023. "Evolution of Industrial Ecology and Analysis of Influencing Factors: The Yellow River Basin in China," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-21, June.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:9:p:5267-:d:802522. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.