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Lower-Limb Range of Motion Predicts Sagittal Spinal Misalignments in Children: A Case-Control Study

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  • Antonio Cejudo

    (Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum (CMN), University of Murcia, 30720 Murcia, Spain
    Locomotor System and Sport Research Group (E0B5-07), University of Murcia, 30720 Murcia, Spain)

Abstract

The main objective of this study was to determine lower-limb range of motion (ROM) as a risk factor associated with sagittal spinal misalignments in children. Two hundred and one children (10.9 ± 0.7 years old) from five different primary schools were recruited for this retrospective case—control study. Anthropometric variables, sagittal spinal alignment in habitual everyday postures, and lower-limb ROM, such as ankle dorsiflexion with the knee flexed (ADF-KF), hip extension with the knee relaxed (HE), and hip flexion with the knee extended (HF-KE) were measured. Multivariate and univariate analyses revealed differences between the means of HE and HF-KE ROM, and the thoracic and lumbar curves ( p ≤ 0.034; η 2 ≥ 0.052). The HE ( p ≤ 0.028; OR ≥ 1.066) predicted sagittal thoracic misalignment in the slump sitting (SSP) and relaxed standing (RSP) postures in males and the sagittal lumbar misalignment in the RSP in female children; while HF-KE ( p ≤ 0.006; OR ≥ 1.089) predicted sagittal thoracic misalignment in the maximum trunk forward flexion posture (MTFP) and sagittal lumbar misalignment in SSP and MTFP in males. In this study, the reference values for restricted HE and HF-KE were significantly associated with sagittal spinal misalignment in male children but not for the ankle ROM. Physical education teachers should include stretching exercises in the ISQUIOS programme to increase the extensibility of the iliopsoas (HE) and hamstrings (HF-KE) and prevent sagittal spinal misalignments in habitual everyday postures.

Suggested Citation

  • Antonio Cejudo, 2022. "Lower-Limb Range of Motion Predicts Sagittal Spinal Misalignments in Children: A Case-Control Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(9), pages 1-11, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:9:p:5193-:d:801450
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Pilar Sainz de Baranda & Antonio Cejudo & María Teresa Martínez-Romero & Alba Aparicio-Sarmiento & Olga Rodríguez-Ferrán & Mónica Collazo-Diéguez & José Hurtado-Avilés & Pilar Andújar & Fernando Santo, 2020. "Sitting Posture, Sagittal Spinal Curvatures and Back Pain in 8 to 12-Year-Old Children from the Region of Murcia (Spain): ISQUIOS Programme," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(7), pages 1-18, April.
    2. Fernando Santonja-Medina & Mónica Collazo-Diéguez & María Teresa Martínez-Romero & Olga Rodríguez-Ferrán & Alba Aparicio-Sarmiento & Antonio Cejudo & Pilar Andújar & Pilar Sainz de Baranda, 2020. "Classification System of the Sagittal Integral Morphotype in Children from the ISQUIOS Programme (Spain)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(7), pages 1-15, April.
    3. Antonio Cejudo & Víctor Jesús Moreno-Alcaraz & Ricardo Izzo & Fernando Santonja-Medina & Pilar Sainz de Baranda, 2020. "External and Total Hip Rotation Ranges of Motion Predispose to Low Back Pain in Elite Spanish Inline Hockey Players," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(13), pages 1-17, July.
    4. Antonio Cejudo & Josep María Centenera-Centenera & Fernando Santonja-Medina, 2021. "The Potential Role of Hamstring Extensibility on Sagittal Pelvic Tilt, Sagittal Spinal Curves and Recurrent Low Back Pain in Team Sports Players: A Gender Perspective Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(16), pages 1-15, August.
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