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Sport Activity Load and Skeletomuscular Robustness in Elite Youth Athletes

Author

Listed:
  • Irina Kalabiska

    (Center for Sport Physiology, University of Physical Education, Research, Alkotas u. 44, 1123 Budapest, Hungary)

  • Annamaria Zsakai

    (Department of Biological Anthropology, Eotvos Lorand University, Pazmany p. s. 1/c., 1117 Budapest, Hungary)

  • Dorina Annar

    (Department of Biological Anthropology, Eotvos Lorand University, Pazmany p. s. 1/c., 1117 Budapest, Hungary)

  • Robert M. Malina

    (Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA)

  • Tamas Szabo

    (Center for Sport Physiology, University of Physical Education, Research, Alkotas u. 44, 1123 Budapest, Hungary
    Sport Sciences and Diagnostic Research Centre, Hungarian Handball Federation, Konyves K. Krt. 76, 1087 Budapest, Hungary)

Abstract

In an earlier report, bone mineral reference values for young athletes were developed. This study addressed variations in bone mineral parameters of young athletes participating in sports with different mechanical loads. The bone mineral status of 1793 male and female athletes, 11 to 20 years of age, in several sports was measured with DEXA. Specific bone mineral parameters were converted to z-scores relative to age- and sex-specific reference values specified by the DEXA software. Z-score profiles and principal components analyses were used to identify body structural components in the young athletes and to evaluate the associations between the identified component and type of sport defined by mechanical load. A unique skeletomuscular robusticity of male wrestlers, pentathletes, and cyclists was noted: wrestlers had significantly more developed skeletomuscular robusticity and bone mineral density compared to the age-group average among elite athletes, while pentathletes and cyclists had lower bone mineral parameters than the age-group references among elite athletes. Among female athletes, bone mineral parameters of both the trunk and extremities of rhythmic gymnasts and pentathletes were significantly lower compared to the age-group means for elite athletes. The bone mineral development of elite young athletes varies with the impact forces associated with their respective sports. The skeletal development of cyclists, pentathletes, and rhythmic gymnasts should be monitored regularly as their bone development lags behind that of their athlete peers and the reference for the general population.

Suggested Citation

  • Irina Kalabiska & Annamaria Zsakai & Dorina Annar & Robert M. Malina & Tamas Szabo, 2022. "Sport Activity Load and Skeletomuscular Robustness in Elite Youth Athletes," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(9), pages 1-16, April.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:9:p:5083-:d:799291
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Marcin Lijewski & Anna Burdukiewicz & Jadwiga Pietraszewska & Justyna Andrzejewska & Aleksandra Stachoń, 2021. "Asymmetry of Muscle Mass Distribution and Grip Strength in Professional Handball Players," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-12, February.
    2. Irina Kalabiska & Annamária Zsakai & Robert M. Malina & Tamas Szabo, 2020. "Bone Mineral Reference Values for Athletes 11 to 20 Years of Age," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(14), pages 1-11, July.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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