IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v19y2022i8p4565-d790800.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Changes in Motor Performance and BMI of Primary School Children over Time–Influence of the COVID-19 Confinement and Social Burden

Author

Listed:
  • Stefanie Wessely

    (Department for Physical Activity in Public Health, Institute of Movement and Neurosciences, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany)

  • Nina Ferrari

    (Department for Physical Activity in Public Health, Institute of Movement and Neurosciences, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany
    Cologne Center for Prevention in Childhood and Youth, Heart Center Cologne, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany)

  • David Friesen

    (Department for Physical Activity in Public Health, Institute of Movement and Neurosciences, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany)

  • Martin Grauduszus

    (Department for Physical Activity in Public Health, Institute of Movement and Neurosciences, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany)

  • Marlen Klaudius

    (Department for Physical Activity in Public Health, Institute of Movement and Neurosciences, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany)

  • Christine Joisten

    (Department for Physical Activity in Public Health, Institute of Movement and Neurosciences, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany)

Abstract

During the COVID-19 pandemic, physical inactivity and being overweight increased in children, especially those from lower socioeconomic backgrounds. Additionally, a decrease in motor performance has been increasingly reported; however, there is a lack of meaningful data on the relationship between these findings and socioeconomic status. Therefore, we examined the BMI, BMI z score, the prevalence of overweight/obesity, and motor performance (based on lateral jumping, the standing long jump, and the 6-min run) among three cohorts from timelines before (2016) and during the pandemic (2020, 2021), using a cohort sequential design. Our analysis revealed that all parameters examined showed a significant negative trend over time. For children with a low social burden, the trend was statistically detectable only for lateral jumping and the 6-min run. For children with a high social burden, the prevalence of overweight/obesity increased from 4.2% to 5.4% between 2016 and 2021. The prevalence of being underweight also increased from 3.4% to 4.3% during this time. Motor performance decreased from 11.3% to 12.3%, except in the standing long jump. Children with a high social burden showed significantly lower results (7.4% to 9.6%). Thus, our data confirm an increase in both measurements of overweight/obesity and underweight, as well as a decrease in motor performance under the pandemic conditions, especially in children from socioeconomically deprived backgrounds. These findings affirm the urgent need for action regarding health promotion measures, especially for children with high social burdens.

Suggested Citation

  • Stefanie Wessely & Nina Ferrari & David Friesen & Martin Grauduszus & Marlen Klaudius & Christine Joisten, 2022. "Changes in Motor Performance and BMI of Primary School Children over Time–Influence of the COVID-19 Confinement and Social Burden," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(8), pages 1-17, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:8:p:4565-:d:790800
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/8/4565/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/8/4565/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Emma Ostermeier & Patricia Tucker & Andrew Clark & Jamie A. Seabrook & Jason Gilliland, 2021. "Parents’ Report of Canadian Elementary School Children’s Physical Activity and Screen Time during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Longitudinal Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(23), pages 1-14, November.
    2. Anne Kelso & Anne K Reimers & Karim Abu-Omar & Kathrin Wunsch & Claudia Niessner & Hagen Wäsche & Yolanda Demetriou, 2021. "Locations of Physical Activity: Where Are Children, Adolescents, and Adults Physically Active? A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(3), pages 1-35, January.
    3. Athanasios Tsoukos & Gregory C. Bogdanis, 2021. "The Effects of a Five-Month Lockdown Due to COVID-19 on Physical Fitness Parameters in Adolescent Students: A Comparison between Cohorts," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(1), pages 1-12, December.
    4. Lea Rossi & Nick Behme & Christoph Breuer, 2021. "Physical Activity of Children and Adolescents during the COVID-19 Pandemic—A Scoping Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(21), pages 1-18, October.
    5. Kathrin Wunsch & Korbinian Kienberger & Claudia Niessner, 2022. "Changes in Physical Activity Patterns Due to the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(4), pages 1-48, February.
    6. Camille Chambonnière & Nicole Fearnbach & Léna Pelissier & Pauline Genin & Alicia Fillon & Audrey Boscaro & Line Bonjean & Mélina Bailly & Julie Siroux & Terry Guirado & Bruno Pereira & David Thivel &, 2021. "Adverse Collateral Effects of COVID-19 Public Health Restrictions on Physical Fitness and Cognitive Performance in Primary School Children," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(21), pages 1-10, October.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Tanja Eberhardt & Klaus Bös & Claudia Niessner, 2022. "Changes in Physical Fitness during the COVID-19 Pandemic in German Children," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(15), pages 1-13, August.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Tanja Eberhardt & Klaus Bös & Claudia Niessner, 2022. "Changes in Physical Fitness during the COVID-19 Pandemic in German Children," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(15), pages 1-13, August.
    2. Marco D’Addario & Roberta Adorni & Patrizia Steca & Roberto Capelli & Francesco Zanatta & Francesco Fattirolli & Cristina Franzelli & Cristina Giannattasio & Andrea Greco, 2022. "Associations between Lifestyle Changes and Adherence to COVID-19 Restrictions in Older Adults with Hypertension," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(13), pages 1-15, June.
    3. Michael Braksiek & Uta Lindemann & Iris Pahmeier, 2022. "Physical Activity and Stress of Children and Adolescents during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Germany—A Cross-Sectional Study in Rural Areas," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(14), pages 1-13, July.
    4. Konrad Reuß & Christopher Huth, 2024. "Redefining Urban Recreation: A Demand Analysis for Urban Year-Round Green Exercise," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 21(11), pages 1-10, November.
    5. Marc Dauty & Jérôme Grondin & Pauline Daley & Bastien Louguet & Pierre Menu & Alban Fouasson-Chailloux, 2022. "Consequences of the SARS-CoV-2 Infection on Anaerobic Performances in Young Elite Soccer Players," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(11), pages 1-9, May.
    6. Apichai Wattanapisit & Manas Kotepui & Sanhapan Wattanapisit & Noah Crampton, 2022. "Bibliometric Analysis of Literature on Physical Activity and COVID-19," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(12), pages 1-9, June.
    7. Aleksandra Kołota & Dominika Głąbska, 2022. "Analysis of Association between Adolescents’ Food Habits and Body Mass Change in a Population-Based Sample: Diet and Activity of Youth during COVID-19 (DAY-19) Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(18), pages 1-16, September.
    8. Emma Ostermeier & Patricia Tucker & Andrew Clark & Jamie A. Seabrook & Jason Gilliland, 2021. "Parents’ Report of Canadian Elementary School Children’s Physical Activity and Screen Time during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Longitudinal Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(23), pages 1-14, November.
    9. Marcus Vinicius Nascimento-Ferreira & Ana Clara Arrais Rosa & Jacyara Cristina Azevedo & Armando Rodrigues de Alencar Santos & Keisyanne De Araujo-Moura & Kelber Abrão Ferreira, 2022. "Psychometric Properties of the Online International Physical Activity Questionnaire in College Students," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(22), pages 1-9, November.
    10. Eui-Jae Lee & Dong-il Seo & Seung-Man Lee & Jong-Hyuck Kim, 2022. "Changes in Physical Fitness among Elementary and Middle School Students in Korea before and after COVID-19," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(18), pages 1-16, September.
    11. Lorraine Cale, 2023. "Physical Education: At the Centre of Physical Activity Promotion in Schools," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(11), pages 1-12, June.
    12. Mariusz Duplaga & Marcin Grysztar, 2021. "Socio-Economic Determinants of Health Literacy in High School Students: A Cross-Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(22), pages 1-17, November.
    13. Svein Barene & Andreas Ruud-Tronsmoen & Patrick Foss Johansen, 2022. "Associations between Demographic Characteristics, Lifestyle Factors and School-Related Conditions and Symptoms of Mental Health Problems in Norwegian Upper Secondary School Students," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(15), pages 1-12, August.
    14. Heather Erwin & Sarah Schreiber, 2024. "Aerobic and Anaerobic Exercise’s Impact on Cognitive Functions in Eighth Grade Students," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 21(7), pages 1-11, June.
    15. Daniel Lindberg & Maria Elvén & Kent W. Nilsson & Petra Von Heideken Wågert & Jonas Stier & Micael Dahlen & Birgitta Kerstis, 2023. "How Have Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior, Changed during the COVID-19 Pandemic? A Swedish Repeated Cross-Sectional Design Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(4), pages 1-12, February.
    16. Senlin Chen & Baofu Wang & Stacy Imagbe & Xiangli Gu & Jared Androzzi & Yang Liu & Sami R. Yli-Piipari & Gang Hu & Amanda E. Staiano, 2022. "Adolescents’ Behaviors, Fitness, and Knowledge Related to Active Living before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Repeated Cross-Sectional Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(5), pages 1-13, February.
    17. Carly E. Gray & Peter H. Kahn & Joshua J. Lawler & Pooja S. Tandon & Gregory N. Bratman & Sara P. Perrins & Yian Lin & Frances Boyens, 2023. "Time Spent Interacting with Nature Is Associated with Greater Well-Being for Girl Scouts Before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-20, June.
    18. Hyo Lee & Damien Vitiello, 2022. "Five-Year Trend in Adherence Rate to Aerobic Physical Activity Guidelines among Korean Adults in Metropolitan Cities: 2016–2020 Korea Community Health Survey," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(15), pages 1-14, July.
    19. Lee, Ryan C. & Sood, Neeraj & Deva, Sohini & Macedo, Marisol & Soto, Daniel W. & Unger, Jennifer B., 2023. "Evaluation of a COVID-19 rapid antigen testing program among student athletes in a public high school district," Evaluation and Program Planning, Elsevier, vol. 98(C).
    20. Monika Szpunar & Kendall Saravanamuttoo & Leigh M. Vanderloo & Brianne A. Bruijns & Stephanie Truelove & Shauna M. Burke & Jason Gilliland & Jennifer D. Irwin & Patricia Tucker, 2022. "Children’s Physical Activity during COVID-19 in Ontario, Canada: Parents’ Perspectives," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(22), pages 1-16, November.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:8:p:4565-:d:790800. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.