IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v19y2022i7p4007-d781278.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Mental Health Symptoms among General Practitioners Facing the Acute Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Detecting Different Reaction Groups

Author

Listed:
  • Claudia Carmassi

    (Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy)

  • Valerio Dell’Oste

    (Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
    Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy)

  • Filippo Maria Barberi

    (Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy)

  • Carlo Antonio Bertelloni

    (Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy)

  • Virginia Pedrinelli

    (Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
    Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy)

  • Liliana Dell’Osso

    (Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy)

Abstract

During the 2020 first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, general practitioners (GPs) represented the first line of primary care and were highly exposed to the pandemic risks, with a consequent risk of developing a wide range of mental health symptoms. However, scant data are still available on factors associated with a worse outcome. The aim of the present study was to investigate mental health symptoms in 139 GPs in the aftermath of the first COVID-19 national lockdown in Italy, detecting groups of subjects with different depressive, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress symptom severity. The impact of the mental health symptoms on quality of life and individual functioning were also evaluated. A cluster analysis identified three groups with mild (44.6%), moderate (35.3%), and severe psychopathological burden (20.1%). Higher symptom severity was related to younger age, fewer years in service as GPs, working in a high incidence area for the pandemic, having a relative at risk of medical complications due to COVID-19, besides more severe global functioning impairment, burnout, and secondary traumatic stress. The present findings showed that GPs, forced to perform their professional activity in extremely stressful conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic, were at high risk of developing mental health problems and a worse quality of life.

Suggested Citation

  • Claudia Carmassi & Valerio Dell’Oste & Filippo Maria Barberi & Carlo Antonio Bertelloni & Virginia Pedrinelli & Liliana Dell’Osso, 2022. "Mental Health Symptoms among General Practitioners Facing the Acute Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Detecting Different Reaction Groups," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(7), pages 1-14, March.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:7:p:4007-:d:781278
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/7/4007/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/7/4007/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Monia Vagni & Tiziana Maiorano & Valeria Giostra & Daniela Pajardi, 2020. "Hardiness, Stress and Secondary Trauma in Italian Healthcare and Emergency Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(14), pages 1-16, July.
    2. Cheng Hong Charity Low & Tze Jui Goh & Yiong Huak Chan & Daniel Shuen Sheng Fung & Pak Yean Cheong, 2021. "Mental Resilience of Medical Practitioners in Singapore during COVID-19: Survey Results from a Webinar Course on Resilience," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(18), pages 1-10, September.
    3. Rodolfo Buselli & Martina Corsi & Sigrid Baldanzi & Martina Chiumiento & Elena Del Lupo & Valerio Dell'Oste & Carlo Antonio Bertelloni & Gabriele Massimetti & Liliana Dell’Osso & Alfonso Cristaudo & C, 2020. "Professional Quality of Life and Mental Health Outcomes among Health Care Workers Exposed to Sars-Cov-2 (Covid-19)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(17), pages 1-12, August.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Collins Opoku Antwi & Michelle Allyshia Belle & Seth Yeboah Ntim & Yuanchun Wu & Emmanuel Affum-Osei & Michael Osei Aboagye & Jun Ren, 2022. "COVID-19 Pandemic and International Students’ Mental Health in China: Age, Gender, Chronic Health Condition and Having Infected Relative as Risk Factors," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(13), pages 1-15, June.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Beata Dziedzic & Ewa Kobos & Zofia Sienkiewicz & Anna Idzik, 2022. "Mental Health of Nurses during the Fourth Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Poland," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-12, February.
    2. Haobin Fan & Xuanyi Nie, 2020. "Impacts of Layoffs and Government Assistance on Mental Health during COVID-19: An Evidence-Based Study of the United States," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(18), pages 1-23, September.
    3. Jo Daniels & Jenny Ingram & Anna Pease & Elaine Wainwright & Kate Beckett & Lalitha Iyadurai & Sophie Harris & Olivia Donnelly & Tom Roberts & Edward Carlton, 2021. "The COVID-19 Clinician Cohort (CoCCo) Study: Empirically Grounded Recommendations for Forward-Facing Psychological Care of Frontline Doctors," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(18), pages 1-18, September.
    4. Artem Kashtanov & Ekaterina Molotok & Andrey Yavorovskiy & Alexander Boyarkov & Yuriy Vasil’ev & Ali Alsaegh & Sergey Dydykin & Olesya Kytko & Renata Meylanova & Yulianna Enina & Vasiliy Troitskiy & M, 2022. "A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Psycho-Emotional State of Intensive Care Units’ Physicians and Nurses of COVID-19 Hospitals of a Russian Metropolis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-22, February.
    5. Lorenzo Bruno Prataviera & Alessandro Creazza & Marco Melacini & Fabrizio Dallari, 2022. "Heading for Tomorrow: Resilience Strategies for Post-COVID-19 Grocery Supply Chains," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-17, February.
    6. Maria Rosaria Gualano & Tiziana Sinigaglia & Giuseppina Lo Moro & Stefano Rousset & Agnese Cremona & Fabrizio Bert & Roberta Siliquini, 2021. "The Burden of Burnout among Healthcare Professionals of Intensive Care Units and Emergency Departments during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(15), pages 1-17, August.
    7. Rodolfo Buselli & Martina Corsi & Antonello Veltri & Riccardo Marino & Fabrizio Caldi & Paolo Del Guerra & Giovanni Guglielmi & Camilla Tanca & Massimo Paoli & Vincenzo Maria Calabretta & Salvio Perre, 2023. "Comparison between Standard Expository Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT-E) and Immersive Virtual Reality CBT (CBT-VR) for Rehabilitation of Patients Affected by Occupational Stress Disorders: Study P," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(9), pages 1-13, May.
    8. Sheng-Chieh Lee & Ching-Yuan Lin & Ying-Ji Chuang, 2022. "The Study of Alternative Fire Commanders’ Training Program during the COVID-19 Pandemic Situation in New Taipei City, Taiwan," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(11), pages 1-22, May.
    9. Liliana Dell’Osso & Rodolfo Buselli & Martina Corsi & Sigrid Baldanzi & Carlo Antonio Bertelloni & Riccardo Marino & Davide Gravina & Martina Chiumiento & Antonello Veltri & Gabriele Massimetti & Fabr, 2022. "Do Autistic Traits Correlate with Post-Traumatic Stress and Mood Spectrum Symptoms among Workers Complaining of Occupational Stress?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(7), pages 1-12, March.
    10. Rachel Hennein & Jessica Bonumwezi & Max Jordan Nguemeni Tiako & Petty Tineo & Sarah R. Lowe, 2021. "Racial and Gender Discrimination Predict Mental Health Outcomes among Healthcare Workers Beyond Pandemic-Related Stressors: Findings from a Cross-Sectional Survey," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(17), pages 1-14, September.
    11. Jacques Bughin & Michele Cincera & Dorota Reykowska & Marcin Zyszkiewicz & Rafal Ohme, 2020. "The Great Employee Divide: Clustering Employee « Well-being » Challenge during Covid-19," Working Papers TIMES² 2020-41, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles.
    12. David Lucas & Sandrine Brient & Tanguy Le Grand & Jean-Dominique Dewitte & Brice Loddé & Richard Pougnet & Bisi Moriamo Eveillard, 2022. "Evolution of Global Health and Psychosocial Factors among Hospital Workers during First Year of SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: A Longitudinal Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(22), pages 1-11, November.
    13. Maria Antoniadou, 2022. "Quality of Life and Satisfaction from Career and Work–Life Integration of Greek Dentists before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(16), pages 1-13, August.
    14. Monia Vagni & Valeria Giostra & Tiziana Maiorano & Giuliano Santaniello & Daniela Pajardi, 2020. "Personal Accomplishment and Hardiness in Reducing Emergency Stress and Burnout among COVID-19 Emergency Workers," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(21), pages 1-18, October.
    15. Tiziana Ramaci & Stefano Pagliaro & Manuel Teresi & Massimiliano Barattucci, 2021. "Job Demands and Negative Outcomes after the Lockdown: The Moderating Role of Stigma towards Italian Supermarket Workers," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-14, July.
    16. M. Ángeles López-Cabarcos & Analía López-Carballeira & Carlos Ferro-Soto, 2020. "New Ways of Working and Public Healthcare Professionals’ Well-Being: The Response to Face the COVID-19 Pandemic," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(19), pages 1-9, September.
    17. Katarzyna Szwamel & Antonina Kaczorowska & Ewelina Lepsy & Agata Mroczek & Magdalena Golachowska & Ewa Mazur & Mariusz Panczyk, 2022. "Predictors of the Occupational Burnout of Healthcare Workers in Poland during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(6), pages 1-21, March.
    18. Francisco Manuel Morales-Rodríguez, 2021. "Fear, Stress, Resilience and Coping Strategies during COVID-19 in Spanish University Students," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-19, May.
    19. Tiziana Maiorano & Monia Vagni & Valeria Giostra & Daniela Pajardi, 2020. "COVID-19: Risk Factors and Protective Role of Resilience and Coping Strategies for Emergency Stress and Secondary Trauma in Medical Staff and Emergency Workers—An Online-Based Inquiry," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(21), pages 1-18, October.
    20. Misato Uehara & Makoto Fujii & Kazuki Kobayashi, 2021. "A Model of Stress Change under the First COVID-19 Pandemic among the General Public in Japanese Major Cities and Rural Areas," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-17, January.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:7:p:4007-:d:781278. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.