IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v19y2022i3p1785-d742319.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Mental Health of Nurses during the Fourth Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Poland

Author

Listed:
  • Beata Dziedzic

    (Department of Development of Nursing, Social and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 61, 02-091 Warszawa, Poland)

  • Ewa Kobos

    (Department of Development of Nursing, Social and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 61, 02-091 Warszawa, Poland)

  • Zofia Sienkiewicz

    (Department of Development of Nursing, Social and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 61, 02-091 Warszawa, Poland)

  • Anna Idzik

    (Department of Development of Nursing, Social and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 61, 02-091 Warszawa, Poland)

Abstract

In the face of the current COVID-19 pandemic crisis, healthcare professionals, including nurses who provide direct care for patients, are at particular risk of mental health problems. The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress among nurses working in healthcare facilities during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study. A total of 333 professionally active nurses participated in the study. Data was collected in the period from 10 November to 20 November 2021. We collected sociodemographic data and used the short form of Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) to assess the mental health among nurses. Results: Severe and very severe symptoms of depression were found in 23.1% of nurses, whereas moderate symptoms were detected in 30.3%. High to very high levels of anxiety were observed in 46.5% of respondents, while 25.8% of nurses showed a moderate level of anxiety. Moderate and high levels of stress were found in 35.4% and 14.1% of the respondents, respectively. Contact with a patient suspected of having SARS-CoV-2 infection was a significant predictor of depressive symptoms. Gender, workplace, and contact with patients suspected of SARS-CoV-2 infection and patients with COVID-19 were significant predictors of anxiety, whereas contact with patients suspected of being infected with SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 patients was a significant predictor of stress. Conclusions: High scores for depressive symptoms, anxiety, and stress among Polish nurses during the fourth wave of the COVID-19 pandemic are indicative of a direct threat to the mental health of nurses. Targeted support strategies need to be developed and implemented to prevent the deterioration of mental health in this group.

Suggested Citation

  • Beata Dziedzic & Ewa Kobos & Zofia Sienkiewicz & Anna Idzik, 2022. "Mental Health of Nurses during the Fourth Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Poland," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-12, February.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:3:p:1785-:d:742319
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/3/1785/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/3/1785/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Rodolfo Buselli & Martina Corsi & Sigrid Baldanzi & Martina Chiumiento & Elena Del Lupo & Valerio Dell'Oste & Carlo Antonio Bertelloni & Gabriele Massimetti & Liliana Dell’Osso & Alfonso Cristaudo & C, 2020. "Professional Quality of Life and Mental Health Outcomes among Health Care Workers Exposed to Sars-Cov-2 (Covid-19)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(17), pages 1-12, August.
    2. Anja Greinacher & Alexander Nikendei & Renate Kottke & Jürgen Wiesbeck & Wolfgang Herzog & Christoph Nikendei, 2019. "Secondary Traumatization, Psychological Stress, and Resilience in Psychosocial Emergency Care Personnel," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(17), pages 1-14, September.
    3. Anna Idzik(199) & Anna Leńczuk-Gruba & Ewa Kobos & Mariola Pietrzak & Beata Dziedzic, 2021. "Loneliness and Depression among Women in Poland during the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(20), pages 1-16, October.
    4. Monia Vagni & Tiziana Maiorano & Valeria Giostra & Daniela Pajardi, 2021. "Protective Factors against Emergency Stress and Burnout in Healthcare and Emergency Workers during Second Wave of COVID-19," Social Sciences, MDPI, vol. 10(5), pages 1-16, May.
    5. Monia Vagni & Tiziana Maiorano & Valeria Giostra & Daniela Pajardi, 2020. "Hardiness, Stress and Secondary Trauma in Italian Healthcare and Emergency Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(14), pages 1-16, July.
    6. Bernat-Carles Serdà & Maria Aymerich & Josefina Patiño-Masó & Mònica Cunill, 2021. "Mental Health Screening of Healthcare Professionals Who Are Candidates for Psychological Assistance during the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(21), pages 1-17, October.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Karolina Hoffmann & Dorota Kopciuch & Aleksandra Bońka & Michał Michalak & Wiesław Bryl & Krzysztof Kus & Elżbieta Nowakowska & Tomasz Zaprutko & Piotr Ratajczak & Anna Paczkowska, 2023. "The Mental Health of Poles during the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-16, January.
    2. Katarzyna Gustavsson & Zuzanna Goetz-Kundera & Magdalena Flaga-Łuczkiewicz & Adam Wichniak, 2023. "Which Aspects of Work Safety Satisfaction Are Important to Mental Health of Healthcare Workers during COVID-19 Pandemic in Poland?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(4), pages 1-9, February.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Claudia Carmassi & Valerio Dell’Oste & Filippo Maria Barberi & Carlo Antonio Bertelloni & Virginia Pedrinelli & Liliana Dell’Osso, 2022. "Mental Health Symptoms among General Practitioners Facing the Acute Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Detecting Different Reaction Groups," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(7), pages 1-14, March.
    2. Haobin Fan & Xuanyi Nie, 2020. "Impacts of Layoffs and Government Assistance on Mental Health during COVID-19: An Evidence-Based Study of the United States," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(18), pages 1-23, September.
    3. Jo Daniels & Jenny Ingram & Anna Pease & Elaine Wainwright & Kate Beckett & Lalitha Iyadurai & Sophie Harris & Olivia Donnelly & Tom Roberts & Edward Carlton, 2021. "The COVID-19 Clinician Cohort (CoCCo) Study: Empirically Grounded Recommendations for Forward-Facing Psychological Care of Frontline Doctors," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(18), pages 1-18, September.
    4. Artem Kashtanov & Ekaterina Molotok & Andrey Yavorovskiy & Alexander Boyarkov & Yuriy Vasil’ev & Ali Alsaegh & Sergey Dydykin & Olesya Kytko & Renata Meylanova & Yulianna Enina & Vasiliy Troitskiy & M, 2022. "A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Psycho-Emotional State of Intensive Care Units’ Physicians and Nurses of COVID-19 Hospitals of a Russian Metropolis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-22, February.
    5. Szymon Florek & Magdalena Piegza & Paweł Dębski & Piotr Gorczyca & Robert Pudlo, 2022. "The Influence of Sociodemographic Factors on Symptoms of Anxiety, the Level of Aggression and Alcohol Consumption in the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic among Polish Respondents," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(12), pages 1-12, June.
    6. Lorenzo Bruno Prataviera & Alessandro Creazza & Marco Melacini & Fabrizio Dallari, 2022. "Heading for Tomorrow: Resilience Strategies for Post-COVID-19 Grocery Supply Chains," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-17, February.
    7. Maria Rosaria Gualano & Tiziana Sinigaglia & Giuseppina Lo Moro & Stefano Rousset & Agnese Cremona & Fabrizio Bert & Roberta Siliquini, 2021. "The Burden of Burnout among Healthcare Professionals of Intensive Care Units and Emergency Departments during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(15), pages 1-17, August.
    8. Rodolfo Buselli & Martina Corsi & Antonello Veltri & Riccardo Marino & Fabrizio Caldi & Paolo Del Guerra & Giovanni Guglielmi & Camilla Tanca & Massimo Paoli & Vincenzo Maria Calabretta & Salvio Perre, 2023. "Comparison between Standard Expository Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT-E) and Immersive Virtual Reality CBT (CBT-VR) for Rehabilitation of Patients Affected by Occupational Stress Disorders: Study P," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(9), pages 1-13, May.
    9. Sheng-Chieh Lee & Ching-Yuan Lin & Ying-Ji Chuang, 2022. "The Study of Alternative Fire Commanders’ Training Program during the COVID-19 Pandemic Situation in New Taipei City, Taiwan," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(11), pages 1-22, May.
    10. Liliana Dell’Osso & Rodolfo Buselli & Martina Corsi & Sigrid Baldanzi & Carlo Antonio Bertelloni & Riccardo Marino & Davide Gravina & Martina Chiumiento & Antonello Veltri & Gabriele Massimetti & Fabr, 2022. "Do Autistic Traits Correlate with Post-Traumatic Stress and Mood Spectrum Symptoms among Workers Complaining of Occupational Stress?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(7), pages 1-12, March.
    11. María Molina-Oliva & Rafael Martín-Sánchez & Elena Pastor-Benito & Raúl Soto-Cámara & Rosa M. Cárdaba-García & Israel John Thuissard & Juan José Fernández-Domínguez & María Paz Matellán-Hernández & Su, 2023. "Influence of Previous Mental State on Psychological Outcomes of Spanish Out-of-Hospital Professionals during the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(4), pages 1-16, February.
    12. Ahmed Yassin & Abdel-Hameed Al-Mistarehi & Khalid El-Salem & Reema A. Karasneh & Sayer Al-Azzam & Aref A. Qarqash & Aws G. Khasawneh & Anas M. Zein Alaabdin & Ola Soudah, 2022. "Prevalence Estimates and Risk Factors of Anxiety among Healthcare Workers in Jordan over One Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(5), pages 1-20, February.
    13. Rachel Hennein & Jessica Bonumwezi & Max Jordan Nguemeni Tiako & Petty Tineo & Sarah R. Lowe, 2021. "Racial and Gender Discrimination Predict Mental Health Outcomes among Healthcare Workers Beyond Pandemic-Related Stressors: Findings from a Cross-Sectional Survey," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(17), pages 1-14, September.
    14. Jacques Bughin & Michele Cincera & Dorota Reykowska & Marcin Zyszkiewicz & Rafal Ohme, 2020. "The Great Employee Divide: Clustering Employee « Well-being » Challenge during Covid-19," Working Papers TIMES² 2020-41, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles.
    15. David Lucas & Sandrine Brient & Tanguy Le Grand & Jean-Dominique Dewitte & Brice Loddé & Richard Pougnet & Bisi Moriamo Eveillard, 2022. "Evolution of Global Health and Psychosocial Factors among Hospital Workers during First Year of SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: A Longitudinal Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(22), pages 1-11, November.
    16. Maria Antoniadou, 2022. "Quality of Life and Satisfaction from Career and Work–Life Integration of Greek Dentists before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(16), pages 1-13, August.
    17. Ewa Szuster & Paulina Kostrzewska & Anna Pawlikowska & Amanda Mandera & Małgorzata Biernikiewicz & Małgorzata Sobieszczańska & Krystyna Rożek-Piechura & Grażyna Jarząbek-Bielecka & Agnieszka Rusiecka , 2022. "Depressive and Sexual Disorders during the First and Second Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic among Young Polish Women," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-12, February.
    18. Monia Vagni & Valeria Giostra & Tiziana Maiorano & Giuliano Santaniello & Daniela Pajardi, 2020. "Personal Accomplishment and Hardiness in Reducing Emergency Stress and Burnout among COVID-19 Emergency Workers," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(21), pages 1-18, October.
    19. Tiziana Ramaci & Stefano Pagliaro & Manuel Teresi & Massimiliano Barattucci, 2021. "Job Demands and Negative Outcomes after the Lockdown: The Moderating Role of Stigma towards Italian Supermarket Workers," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-14, July.
    20. M. Ángeles López-Cabarcos & Analía López-Carballeira & Carlos Ferro-Soto, 2020. "New Ways of Working and Public Healthcare Professionals’ Well-Being: The Response to Face the COVID-19 Pandemic," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(19), pages 1-9, September.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:3:p:1785-:d:742319. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.