IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v19y2022i7p4003-d781207.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Review of Nitrification Monitoring and Control Strategies in Drinking Water System

Author

Listed:
  • Sharif Hossain

    (Scarce Resources and Circular Economy (ScaRCE), UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia)

  • Christopher W. K. Chow

    (Scarce Resources and Circular Economy (ScaRCE), UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
    Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia)

  • David Cook

    (South Australian Water Corporation, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia)

  • Emma Sawade

    (South Australian Water Corporation, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia)

  • Guna A. Hewa

    (Scarce Resources and Circular Economy (ScaRCE), UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia)

Abstract

Nitrification is a major challenge in chloraminated drinking water systems, resulting in undesirable loss of disinfectant residual. Consequently, heterotrophic bacteria growth is increased, which adversely affects the water quality, causing taste, odour, and health issues. Regular monitoring of various water quality parameters at susceptible areas of the water distribution system (WDS) helps to detect nitrification at an earlier stage and allows sufficient time to take corrective actions to control it. Strategies to monitor nitrification in a WDS require conducting various microbiological tests or assessing surrogate parameters that are affected by microbiological activities. Additionally, microbial decay factor ( F m ) is used by water utilities to monitor the status of nitrification. In contrast, approaches to manage nitrification in a WDS include controlling various factors that affect monochloramine decay rate and ammonium substrate availability, and that can inhibit nitrification. However, some of these control strategies may increase the regulated disinfection-by-products level, which may be a potential health concern. In this paper, various strategies to monitor and control nitrification in a WDS are critically examined. The key findings are: (i) the applicability of some methods require further validation using real WDS, as the original studies were conducted on laboratory or pilot systems; (ii) there is no linkage/formula found to relate the surrogate parameters to the concentration of nitrifying bacteria, which possibly improve nitrification monitoring performance; (iii) improved methods/monitoring tools are required to detect nitrification at an earlier stage; (iv) further studies are required to understand the effect of soluble microbial products on the change of surrogate parameters. Based on the current review, we recommend that the successful outcome using many of these methods is often site-specific, hence, water utilities should decide based on their regular experiences when considering economic and sustainability aspects.

Suggested Citation

  • Sharif Hossain & Christopher W. K. Chow & David Cook & Emma Sawade & Guna A. Hewa, 2022. "Review of Nitrification Monitoring and Control Strategies in Drinking Water System," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(7), pages 1-31, March.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:7:p:4003-:d:781207
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/7/4003/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/7/4003/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Willm Martens-Habbena & Paul M. Berube & Hidetoshi Urakawa & José R. de la Torre & David A. Stahl, 2009. "Ammonia oxidation kinetics determine niche separation of nitrifying Archaea and Bacteria," Nature, Nature, vol. 461(7266), pages 976-979, October.
    2. Maartje A. H. J. van Kessel & Daan R. Speth & Mads Albertsen & Per H. Nielsen & Huub J. M. Op den Camp & Boran Kartal & Mike S. M. Jetten & Sebastian Lücker, 2015. "Complete nitrification by a single microorganism," Nature, Nature, vol. 528(7583), pages 555-559, December.
    3. Holger Daims & Elena V. Lebedeva & Petra Pjevac & Ping Han & Craig Herbold & Mads Albertsen & Nico Jehmlich & Marton Palatinszky & Julia Vierheilig & Alexandr Bulaev & Rasmus H. Kirkegaard & Martin vo, 2015. "Complete nitrification by Nitrospira bacteria," Nature, Nature, vol. 528(7583), pages 504-509, December.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. He, Yanying & Li, Yiming & Li, Xuecheng & Liu, Yingrui & Wang, Yufen & Guo, Haixiao & Hou, Jiaqi & Zhu, Tingting & Liu, Yiwen, 2023. "Net-zero greenhouse gas emission from wastewater treatment: Mechanisms, opportunities and perspectives," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 184(C).
    2. Qiong Wan & Qingji Han & Hailin Luo & Tao He & Feng Xue & Zihuizhong Ye & Chen Chen & Shan Huang, 2020. "Ceramsite Facilitated Microbial Degradation of Pollutants in Domestic Wastewater," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(13), pages 1-13, June.
    3. Hannaford, Naomi E. & Heaps, Sarah E. & Nye, Tom M.W. & Curtis, Thomas P. & Allen, Ben & Golightly, Andrew & Wilkinson, Darren J., 2023. "A sparse Bayesian hierarchical vector autoregressive model for microbial dynamics in a wastewater treatment plant," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 179(C).
    4. Nkulu Rolly Kabange & Youngho Kwon & So-Myeong Lee & Ju-Won Kang & Jin-Kyung Cha & Hyeonjin Park & Gamenyah Daniel Dzorkpe & Dongjin Shin & Ki-Won Oh & Jong-Hee Lee, 2023. "Mitigating Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Crop Production and Management Practices, and Livestock: A Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(22), pages 1-41, November.
    5. Shengbo Gu & Leibin Liu & Xiaojie Zhuang & Jinsheng Qiu & Zhi Zhou, 2022. "Enhanced Nitrogen Removal in a Pilot-Scale Anoxic/Aerobic (A/O) Process Coupling PE Carrier and Nitrifying Bacteria PE Carrier: Performance and Microbial Shift," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-20, June.
    6. Huai Shi & Guohong Liu & Qianqian Chen, 2024. "Research Hotspots and Trends of Nitrification Inhibitors: A Bibliometric Review from 2004–2023," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(10), pages 1-21, May.
    7. Yi Li & Xinqi Chen & Xinzi Wang & Jiahui Shang & Lihua Niu & Longfei Wang & Huanjun Zhang & Wenlong Zhang, 2022. "The Effects of Paroxetine on Benthic Microbial Food Web and Nitrogen Transformation in River Sediments," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(21), pages 1-14, November.
    8. Montaño San Agustin, Daniela & Orta Ledesma, Maria Teresa & Monje Ramírez, Ignacio & Yáñez Noguez, Isaura & Luna Pabello, Víctor Manuel & Velasquez-Orta, Sharon B., 2022. "A non-sterile heterotrophic microalgal process for dual biomass production and carbon removal from swine wastewater," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 181(C), pages 592-603.
    9. Agata Novara & Valentina Catania & Marco Tolone & Luciano Gristina & Vito Armando Laudicina & Paola Quatrini, 2020. "Cover Crop Impact on Soil Organic Carbon, Nitrogen Dynamics and Microbial Diversity in a Mediterranean Semiarid Vineyard," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-18, April.
    10. Jingyi Dong & Liming Tian & Jiaqi Zhang & Yinghui Liu & Haiyan Li & Qi Dong, 2022. "Grazing Intensity Has More Effect on the Potential Nitrification Activity Than the Potential Denitrification Activity in An Alpine Meadow," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-17, September.
    11. Pietro Denisi & Nicola Biondo & Giuseppe Bombino & Adele Folino & Demetrio Antonio Zema & Santo Marcello Zimbone, 2021. "A Combined System Using Lagoons and Constructed Wetlands for Swine Wastewater Treatment," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-14, November.
    12. Zhen-Zhen Zheng & Li-Wei Zheng & Min Nina Xu & Ehui Tan & David A. Hutchins & Wenchao Deng & Yao Zhang & Dalin Shi & Minhan Dai & Shuh-Ji Kao, 2020. "Substrate regulation leads to differential responses of microbial ammonia-oxidizing communities to ocean warming," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 11(1), pages 1-10, December.
    13. Ghazal Srivastava & Aparna Kapoor & Absar Ahmad Kazmi, 2023. "Improved Biological Phosphorus Removal under Low Solid Retention Time Regime in Full-Scale Sequencing Batch Reactor," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-22, May.
    14. Xingjia He & Sen Li & Fengzhi Wu, 2021. "Responses of Ammonia-Oxidizing Microorganisms to Intercropping Systems in Different Seasons," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-17, February.
    15. Liron Friedman & Kartik Chandran & Dror Avisar & Edris Taher & Amanda Kirchmaier-Hurpia & Hadas Mamane, 2022. "Accelerating Microbial Activity of Soil Aquifer Treatment by Hydrogen Peroxide," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-14, May.
    16. Zihao Man & Changkun Xie & Ruiyuan Jiang & Jin Wang & Yifeng Qin & Shengquan Che, 2024. "Revetment Affects Nitrogen Removal and N 2 O Emission at the Urban River–Riparian Interface," Land, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-20, August.
    17. Jianfeng Ning & Yuji Arai & Jian Shen & Ronghui Wang & Shaoying Ai, 2021. "Effects of Phosphorus on Nitrification Process in a Fertile Soil Amended with Urea," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-12, June.
    18. Leiashvily, Paata, 2022. "The Economy as a Complex System of Economic Actions: In Search of a New Paradigm," MPRA Paper 116226, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    19. Jie Zhou & Yanling Zheng & Lijun Hou & Zhirui An & Feiyang Chen & Bolin Liu & Li Wu & Lin Qi & Hongpo Dong & Ping Han & Guoyu Yin & Xia Liang & Yi Yang & Xiaofei Li & Dengzhou Gao & Ye Li & Zhanfei Li, 2023. "Effects of acidification on nitrification and associated nitrous oxide emission in estuarine and coastal waters," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-13, December.
    20. William C Nelson & Emily B Graham & Alex R Crump & Sarah J Fansler & Evan V Arntzen & David W Kennedy & James C Stegen, 2020. "Distinct temporal diversity profiles for nitrogen cycling genes in a hyporheic microbiome," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(1), pages 1-19, January.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:7:p:4003-:d:781207. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.