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Determinants of Excessive Screen Time among Children under Five Years Old in Selangor, Malaysia: A Cross-Sectional Study

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  • Diana Raj

    (Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
    Ministry of Health Malaysia, Putrajaya 62590, Malaysia)

  • Norafiah Mohd Zulkefli

    (Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia)

  • Zalilah Mohd Shariff

    (Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia)

  • Norliza Ahmad

    (Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia)

Abstract

Excessive screen time interferes with the health and development of children. However, the screen time situation among Malaysian children remains poorly understood. This study aims to identify the prevalence and determinants of excessive screen time among children under five years in Selangor, Malaysia, using the latest World Health Organization guidelines. In this cross-sectional study, 489 parent–child dyads were randomly selected from nine government health clinics in Petaling district, Selangor. Total screen time and factors were assessed using validated self-administered questionnaires and analysed using multiple logistic regression. The overall prevalence of excessive screen time was 91.4% with a median of 3.00 h. The majority of children utilized television (66%), followed by handheld devices (30%) and computers (4%). Determinants of screen time identified were Malay ethnicity, (aOR 3.56, 95% CI 1.65–7.68), parental age of ≥30 years (aOR 3.12, 95% CI 1.58–6.16), parental screen time >2 h a day (aOR 2.42, 95% CI 1.24–4.73), moderate self-efficacy to influence a child’s physical activity (aOR 2.29, 95% CI 1.01–5.20) and the positive perception on the influence of screen time on a child’s cognitive wellbeing (aOR 1.15, 95% CI 1.01–1.32). Parents play an important role in determining their child’s screen time. Future interventions should focus on addressing parental determinants to ensure age-appropriate screen time.

Suggested Citation

  • Diana Raj & Norafiah Mohd Zulkefli & Zalilah Mohd Shariff & Norliza Ahmad, 2022. "Determinants of Excessive Screen Time among Children under Five Years Old in Selangor, Malaysia: A Cross-Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(6), pages 1-11, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:6:p:3560-:d:773119
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Rikuya Hosokawa & Toshiki Katsura, 2018. "Association between mobile technology use and child adjustment in early elementary school age," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(7), pages 1-17, July.
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    Cited by:

    1. Xiang Pan & Huan Wang & Dongming Wu & Xinhua Liu & Pengyu Deng & Yanfeng Zhang, 2022. "Influence of Family Environment on the Scientific Fitness Literacy of Preschool and School Children in China: A National Cross-Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(14), pages 1-15, July.
    2. Simin Cao & Hui Li, 2023. "A Scoping Review of Digital Well-Being in Early Childhood: Definitions, Measurements, Contributors, and Interventions," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(4), pages 1-20, February.

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