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Prevalence of Obesity and Associated Risk Factors among Children and Adolescents in the Eastern Cape Province

Author

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  • Sibusiso Cyprian Nomatshila

    (Department of Public Health, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha 5117, South Africa)

  • Sikhumbuzo A. Mabunda

    (George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2033, Australia
    School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2033, Australia)

  • Thandi Puoane

    (Department of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
    Joint senior authors.)

  • Teke R. Apalata

    (Department of Laboratory Medicine, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha 5117, South Africa
    Joint senior authors.)

Abstract

Obesity is a global public health concern that begins in childhood and is on the rise among people aged 18 and up, with substantial health consequences that offer socioeconomic challenges at all levels, from households to governments. Obesity and associated risk factors were investigated in children and adolescents in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. A cross-sectional study was conducted at Mt Frere among 209 conveniently selected participants using anthropometric measurements and a structured questionnaire. Chi-squared statistics or Fisher’s exact test were used to evaluate the risk factors predicting different outcomes such as hypertension or diabetes mellitus. A 5% level of significance was used for statistical significance ( p -value 0.05). The prevalence of overweight or obesity among females when using waist circumference (2.7%), triceps skinfold (6.9%), and body mass index cut-offs (16.4%) were respectively higher when compared to those of males. About 89% engaged in physical activities. After school, 53% watched television. About 24.9% of participants did not eat breakfast. Most of overweight or obese participants (92.9%) brought pocket money to school. Use of single anthropometric measurements for assessing nutritional status indicated inconclusive results. Strengthening parental care, motivation for consumption of breakfast and limiting pocket money for children going to school are important steps to improve child health.

Suggested Citation

  • Sibusiso Cyprian Nomatshila & Sikhumbuzo A. Mabunda & Thandi Puoane & Teke R. Apalata, 2022. "Prevalence of Obesity and Associated Risk Factors among Children and Adolescents in the Eastern Cape Province," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(5), pages 1-15, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:5:p:2946-:d:763062
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kai Xing & Xue Zhang & Mingli Jiao & Yu Cui & Yan Lu & Jinghua Liu & Jingjing Zhang & Yuchong Zhao & Yanming Zhao & Ye Li & Libo Liang & Zheng Kang & Qunhong Wu & Mei Yin, 2016. "Concern about Workplace Violence and Its Risk Factors in Chinese Township Hospitals: A Cross-Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-11, August.
    2. Reddy, S.P. & Resnicow, K. & James, S. & Funani, I.N. & Kambaran, N.S. & Omardien, R.G. & Masuka, P. & Sewpaul, R. & Vaughan, R.D. & Mbewu, A., 2012. "Rapid increases in overweight and obesity among South African adolescents: Comparison of data from the South African national youth risk behaviour survey in 2002 and 2008," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 102(2), pages 262-268.
    3. Lu Ma & Zeping Fang & Liwang Gao & Yaling Zhao & Hong Xue & Ke Li & Youfa Wang, 2020. "A 3-year Longitudinal Study of Pocket Money, Eating Behavior, Weight Status: The Childhood Obesity Study in China Mega-Cities," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(23), pages 1-13, December.
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    Cited by:

    1. Markus Gerber & Christin Lang & Johanna Beckmann & Rosa du Randt & Kurt Z. Long & Ivan Müller & Madeleine Nienaber & Nicole Probst-Hensch & Peter Steinmann & Uwe Pühse & Jürg Utzinger & Siphesihle Nqw, 2022. "Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour, Weight Status, and Body Composition among South African Primary Schoolchildren," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(18), pages 1-16, September.
    2. Mere Idamokoro & Anita E. Pienaar & Barry Gerber & Maria M. van Gent, 2023. "The Influence of a 9-Week Movement Program on the Body Composition of 7- to 8-Year-Old Schoolchildren in the Eastern Cape of South Africa," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-19, January.

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