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Sex, Gender and Health: Mapping the Landscape of Research and Policy

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  • Lorraine Greaves

    (Centre of Excellence for Women’s Health, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1, Canada
    School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada)

  • Stacey A. Ritz

    (Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada)

Abstract

Including sex and gender considerations in health research is considered essential by many funders and is very useful for policy makers, program developers, clinicians, consumers and other end users. While longstanding confusions and conflations of terminology in the sex and gender field are well documented, newer conceptual confusions and conflations continue to emerge. Contemporary social demands for improved health and equity, as well as increased interest in precision healthcare and medicine, have made obvious the need for sex and gender science, sex and gender-based analyses (SGBA+), considerations of intersectionality, and equity, diversity and inclusion initiatives (EDI) to broaden representation among participants and diversify research agendas. But without a shared and precise understanding of these conceptual areas, fields of study, and approaches and their inter-relationships, more conflation and confusion can occur. This article sets out these areas and argues for more precise operationalization of sex- and gender-related factors in health research and policy initiatives in order to advance these varied agendas in mutually supportive ways.

Suggested Citation

  • Lorraine Greaves & Stacey A. Ritz, 2022. "Sex, Gender and Health: Mapping the Landscape of Research and Policy," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(5), pages 1-13, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:5:p:2563-:d:756255
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Scheim, Ayden I. & Bauer, Greta R., 2019. "The Intersectional Discrimination Index: Development and validation of measures of self-reported enacted and anticipated discrimination for intercategorical analysis," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 226(C), pages 225-235.
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    Cited by:

    1. Lorraine Greaves & Nancy Poole & Andreea C. Brabete, 2022. "Sex, Gender, and Alcohol Use: Implications for Women and Low-Risk Drinking Guidelines," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(8), pages 1-16, April.
    2. Marisa Baré & Marina Lleal & Daniel Sevilla-Sánchez & Sara Ortonobes & Susana Herranz & Olivia Ferrandez & Celia Corral-Vázquez & Núria Molist & Gloria Julia Nazco & Candelaria Martín-González & Migue, 2023. "Sex Differences in Multimorbidity, Inappropriate Medication and Adverse Outcomes of Inpatient Care: MoPIM Cohort Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(4), pages 1-15, February.
    3. Lorraine Greaves & Andreea C. Brabete & Mira Maximos & Ella Huber & Alice Li & Mê-Linh Lê & Sherif Eltonsy & Madeline Boscoe, 2023. "Sex, Gender, and the Regulation of Prescription Drugs: Omissions and Opportunities," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(4), pages 1-19, February.
    4. Stacey A. Ritz & Lorraine Greaves, 2022. "Transcending the Male–Female Binary in Biomedical Research: Constellations, Heterogeneity, and Mechanism When Considering Sex and Gender," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(7), pages 1-11, March.
    5. Jennifer S. Williams & Jenna C. Stone & Stacey A. Ritz & Maureen J. MacDonald, 2023. "Letter to the editor: Laxdal (2023) “The sex gap in sports and exercise medicine research: who does research on females?”," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 128(7), pages 4155-4160, July.

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