IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v19y2022i4p2097-d748326.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

A Supplementary Approach for Effective Anti-Doping Education: A Pilot Study Applying Refutation Texts to Modify Misperception of the Whereabouts System

Author

Listed:
  • Zhangyan Deng

    (School of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
    Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China)

  • Jinyang Guo

    (School of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
    Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China)

  • Dong Wang

    (Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China)

  • Zuosong Chen

    (School of Kinesiology and Health, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing 100191, China)

Abstract

Background: Over the past twenty years, a multifaceted anti-doping system was established to detect, deter, and prevent doping among athletes. However, perception of the whereabouts system has been a controversial issue. This pilot study aimed to evaluate the effects of refutation text intervention on the perception of the whereabouts system. Methods: In two studies, we tested whether (1) detailed refutation texts are perceived as more effective than simply refuting with a true or false claim among 132 athletes (47.73% female, mean age = 20.99 ± 2.11), and if (2) refutation text intervention can alter the perception of the whereabouts system among 177 athletes (53.11% female, mean age = 21.17 ± 2.27). Descriptive statistics were calculated, followed by a one-sample T-test, independent T-test, chi-square test, and a repeated-measures analysis of variance. Results: The results demonstrate that five true/false statements were developed as refutation texts, and the mean accuracy of the true/false test is less than the probability of guess ( p < 0.05, d = −0.18). In addition, detailed refutation texts evoked significantly greater perceived effectiveness than the simple refutation texts ( p < 0.01, d = 0.66). Furthermore, the refutation text intervention enhanced the positive perception of the whereabouts system ( p < 0.01, η 2 = 0.15). Conclusions: Our findings support the efficacy of refutation texts to improve the misperception of anti-doping regimes among athletes and have implications for future education prevention initiatives.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhangyan Deng & Jinyang Guo & Dong Wang & Zuosong Chen, 2022. "A Supplementary Approach for Effective Anti-Doping Education: A Pilot Study Applying Refutation Texts to Modify Misperception of the Whereabouts System," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(4), pages 1-12, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:4:p:2097-:d:748326
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/4/2097/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/4/2097/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Engelberg, Terry & Moston, Stephen & Skinner, James, 2015. "The final frontier of anti-doping: A study of athletes who have committed doping violations," Sport Management Review, Elsevier, vol. 18(2), pages 268-279.
    2. Terry Engelberg & Stephen Moston & James Skinner, 2015. "The final frontier of anti-doping: A study of athletes who have committed doping violations," Sport Management Review, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 18(2), pages 268-279, April.
    3. Igor Grossmann & Justin P. Brienza & D. Ramona Bobocel, 2017. "Wise deliberation sustains cooperation," Nature Human Behaviour, Nature, vol. 1(3), pages 1-6, March.
    4. Sides, John & Citrin, Jack, 2007. "European Opinion About Immigration: The Role of Identities, Interests and Information," British Journal of Political Science, Cambridge University Press, vol. 37(3), pages 477-504, July.
    5. Nyhan, Brendan & Reifler, Jason, 2015. "Displacing Misinformation about Events: An Experimental Test of Causal Corrections," Journal of Experimental Political Science, Cambridge University Press, vol. 2(1), pages 81-93, April.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Draginja Vuksanovic Stankovic & Antonela Sinkovic & Damir Sekulic & Mario Jelicic & Jelena Rodek, 2022. "Knowledge of the Legal Issues of Anti-Doping Regulations: Examining the Gender-Specific Validity of the Novel Measurement Tool Used for Professional Athletes," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-13, October.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Verschuuren, Pim, 2020. "Whistleblowing determinants and the effectiveness of reporting channels in the international sports sector," Sport Management Review, Elsevier, vol. 23(1), pages 142-154.
    2. Daniel Westmattelmann & Marius Sprenger & Sascha Hokamp & Gerhard Schewe, 2020. "Money matters: The impact of prize money on doping behaviour," Sport Management Review, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 23(4), pages 688-703, October.
    3. Flavio Pinto & Yogachandran Rahulamathavan & James Skinner, 2022. "Blockchain for Doping Control Applications in Sports: A Conceptual Approach," Future Internet, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-24, July.
    4. Kim, Minjung & Kim, Young Do & Lee, Hyun-Woo, 2020. "It is time to consider athletes’ well-being and performance satisfaction: The roles of authentic leadership and psychological capital," Sport Management Review, Elsevier, vol. 23(5), pages 964-977.
    5. Barkoukis, Vassilis & Kartali, Katerina & Lazuras, Lambros & Tsorbatzoudis, Haralambos, 2016. "Evaluation of an anti-doping intervention for adolescents: Findings from a school-based study," Sport Management Review, Elsevier, vol. 19(1), pages 23-34.
    6. Ilhom Abdulloev & Ira N Gang & Myeong-Su Yun, 2014. "Migration, Education and the Gender Gap in Labour Force Participation," The European Journal of Development Research, Palgrave Macmillan;European Association of Development Research and Training Institutes (EADI), vol. 26(4), pages 509-526, September.
    7. Hix, Simon & Kaufmann, Eric & Leeper, Thomas J., 2020. "Pricing immigration," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 103268, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    8. Kerim Peren Arin & Juan A. Lacomba & Francisco Lagos & Deni Mazrekaj & Marcel Thum, 2021. "Misperceptions and Fake News during the Covid-19 Pandemic," CESifo Working Paper Series 9066, CESifo.
    9. Giovanni Facchini, 2021. "Review Of: “Globalization, Migration And Welfare State: Understanding The Macroeconomic Trifecta” By Assaf Razin," Israel Economic Review, Bank of Israel, vol. 19(1), pages 135-140.
    10. Rana Comertpay & Andreas Irmen & Anastasia Litina, 2019. "Individual attitudes towards immigration in aging populations," CESifo Working Paper Series 7565, CESifo.
    11. Vrânceanu, Alina & Dinas, Elias & Heidland, Tobias & Ruhs, Martin, 2023. "The European refugee crisis and public support for the externalisation of migration management," Open Access Publications from Kiel Institute for the World Economy 279441, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).
    12. Fabian Wagner, 2021. "Zahl der Zuwanderer und religiösen Minderheiten wird systematisch überschätzt," ifo Dresden berichtet, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, vol. 28(04), pages 07-11, August.
    13. Cooray, Arusha & Marfouk, Abdeslam & Nazir, Maliha, 2018. "Public Opinion and Immigration: Who Favors Employment Discrimination against Immigrants?," GLO Discussion Paper Series 175, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
    14. Dimiter Toshkov & Elitsa Kortenska, 2015. "Does Immigration Undermine Public Support for Integration in the European Union?," Journal of Common Market Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 53(4), pages 910-925, July.
    15. Bloemraad, Irene & Voss, Kim & Silva, Fabiana, 2014. "Framing the Immigrant Movement as about Rights, Family, or Economics: Which Appeals Resonate and for Whom?," Institute for Research on Labor and Employment, Working Paper Series qt3b32w33p, Institute of Industrial Relations, UC Berkeley.
    16. Valeria Bello, 2022. "Prejudice and Cuts to Public Health and Education: A Migration Crisis or a Crisis of the European Welfare State and Its Socio-Political Values?," Societies, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-14, March.
    17. Akira IGARASHI & Charles CRABTREE & Yoshikuni ONO, 2024. "Beyond Language Proficiency: Understanding the Role of National Identification in Shaping Attitudes toward Immigrants," Working Papers 2312, Waseda University, Faculty of Political Science and Economics.
    18. Salomon, Katja, 2020. "Dynamics of immigrant resentment in Europe," Discussion Papers, Presidential Department P 2020-002, WZB Berlin Social Science Center.
    19. Marfouk, Abdeslam, 2016. "I’m Neither Racist nor Xenophobic, but: Dissecting European Attitudes towards a Ban on Muslims’ Immigration," MPRA Paper 79747, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    20. H鲩court & Spielvogel, 2014. "Beliefs, media exposure and policy preferences on immigration: evidence from Europe," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 46(2), pages 225-239, January.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:4:p:2097-:d:748326. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.