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Process Design for Optimized Respiration Identification Based on Heart Rate Variability for Efficient Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia Biofeedback

Author

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  • Jung-Nyun Lee

    (Research Institute of Industrial Technology Convergence, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Ansan 15588, Korea)

  • Min-Cheol Whang

    (Department of Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence, University of Sangmyung, Seoul 03016, Korea)

  • Bong-Gu Kang

    (Research Institute of Industrial Technology Convergence, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Ansan 15588, Korea)

Abstract

Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) is a phenomenon in which the heart rate (HR) changes with respiration, increasing during inspiration and decreasing during expiration. RSA biofeedback training has an effect in relieving negative mental conditions, such as anxiety and stress. Respiration is an important indicator affecting the parasympathetic activation within the body during RSA biofeedback training. Although there are existing studies that consider individual differences when selecting optimized respiration using heart rate variability, the studies that use the high frequency components of HRV, which is an indicator of parasympathetic activation, are insufficient. For this reason, this paper proposes a process to identify optimized respiration for efficient RSA feedback, consisting of three steps: (1) application, (2) optimization, and (3) validation. In the application phase, we measured PPG data against various respiratory cycles based on the HF components of HRV and calculated the proposed heart stabilization indicator (HSI) from the data. Then, we determined the optimized respiration cycle based on the HSI in the optimization step. Finally, we analyzed seven stress-related indices against the optimized respiration cycle. The experimental results show that HSI is associated with the parasympathetic nervous system activation, and the proposed method could help to determine the optimal respiratory cycle for each individual. Lastly, we expect that the proposed design could be used as an alternative to improving the efficiency of RSA biofeedback training.

Suggested Citation

  • Jung-Nyun Lee & Min-Cheol Whang & Bong-Gu Kang, 2022. "Process Design for Optimized Respiration Identification Based on Heart Rate Variability for Efficient Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia Biofeedback," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(4), pages 1-13, February.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:4:p:2087-:d:748257
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Pei-Chun Tu & Wen-Chen Cheng & Ping-Cheng Hou & Yu-Sen Chang, 2020. "Effects of Types of Horticultural Activity on the Physical and Mental State of Elderly Individuals," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(14), pages 1-13, July.
    2. Hsiu-Fen Hsieh & I-Chin Huang & Yi Liu & Wen-Ling Chen & Yi-Wen Lee & Hsin-Tien Hsu, 2020. "The Effects of Biofeedback Training and Smartphone-Delivered Biofeedback Training on Resilience, Occupational Stress, and Depressive Symptoms among Abused Psychiatric Nurses," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(8), pages 1-11, April.
    3. Rossana Borchini & Giovanni Veronesi & Matteo Bonzini & Francesco Gianfagna & Oriana Dashi & Marco Mario Ferrario, 2018. "Heart Rate Variability Frequency Domain Alterations among Healthy Nurses Exposed to Prolonged Work Stress," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-11, January.
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