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Do School-Level Factors Affect the Health Behaviors of High School Students in Korea?

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  • Seon-Hui Kwak

    (Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Dentistry, Gangneung Wonju National University, Gangneung-si 25457, Korea
    Research Institute of Oral Science, Gangneung Wonju National University, Gangneung-si 25457, Korea)

  • Hyo-Jin Lee

    (Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Dentistry, Gangneung Wonju National University, Gangneung-si 25457, Korea
    Research Institute of Oral Science, Gangneung Wonju National University, Gangneung-si 25457, Korea)

  • Bo-Mi Shin

    (Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Dentistry, Gangneung Wonju National University, Gangneung-si 25457, Korea
    Research Institute of Oral Science, Gangneung Wonju National University, Gangneung-si 25457, Korea)

Abstract

We conducted a multilevel analysis to identify the individual- and school-level factors that affect Korean high school students’ tooth brushing, soda intake, smoking, and high-intensity physical activity. We sampled 27,919 high school students from the 15th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey. The individual-level variables included demographic, socioeconomic, and health-related factors. The school-level variables included school system and school type. Regarding the individual-level factors, economic level and academic performance had a significant effect on health behavior when the demographic variables were adjusted. In the final model, the school-level factors had a significant effect on health behavior. The odds ratio (OR) of brushing less than twice a day in vocational schools compared to general schools was 1.63 ( p < 0.001), and the OR of soda intake more than three times a week in vocational schools was 1.33 ( p < 0.001). In addition, the OR of smoking in vocational schools was 2.89 ( p < 0.001), and the OR of high-intensity physical activity in vocational schools was 0.80 ( p < 0.001). Therefore, both individual- and school-level factors affect Korean students’ health behaviors. A school-based comprehensive health promotion strategy should be developed that considers schools’ characteristics to equip all students with health awareness, regardless of socioeconomic status.

Suggested Citation

  • Seon-Hui Kwak & Hyo-Jin Lee & Bo-Mi Shin, 2022. "Do School-Level Factors Affect the Health Behaviors of High School Students in Korea?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(2), pages 1-14, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:2:p:751-:d:721569
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Prince Atorkey & Judith Byaruhanga & Christine Paul & John Wiggers & Billie Bonevski & Flora Tzelepis, 2021. "Multiple Health Risk Factors in Vocational Education Students: A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(2), pages 1-17, January.
    2. Maes, Lea & Lievens, John, 2003. "Can the school make a difference? A multilevel analysis of adolescent risk and health behaviour," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 56(3), pages 517-529, February.
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