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Always Pay Attention to Which Model of Motor Learning You Are Using

Author

Listed:
  • Wolfgang I. Schöllhorn

    (Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany)

  • Nikolas Rizzi

    (Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany)

  • Agnė Slapšinskaitė-Dackevičienė

    (Department of Sports Medicine, Faculty of Nursing, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės g. 18, 47181 Kaunas, Lithuania)

  • Nuno Leite

    (Reseach Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), Department of Sport Sciences, Exercise and Health, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal)

Abstract

This critical review considers the epistemological and historical background of the theoretical construct of motor learning for a more differentiated understanding. More than simply reflecting critically on the models that are used to solve problems—whether they are applied in therapy, physical education, or training practice—this review seeks to respond constructively to the recent discussion caused by the replication crisis in life sciences. To this end, an in-depth review of contemporary motor learning approaches is provided, with a pragmatism-oriented clarification of the researcher’s intentions on fundamentals (what?), subjects (for whom?), time intervals (when?), and purpose (for what?). The complexity in which the processes of movement acquisition, learning, and refinement take place removes their predictable and linear character and therefore, from an applied point of view, invites a great deal of caution when trying to make generalization claims. Particularly when we attempt to understand and study these phenomena in unpredictable and dynamic contexts, it is recommended that scientists and practitioners seek to better understand the central role that the individual and their situatedness plays in the system. In this way, we will be closer to making a meaningful and authentic contribution to the advancement of knowledge, and not merely for the sake of renaming inventions.

Suggested Citation

  • Wolfgang I. Schöllhorn & Nikolas Rizzi & Agnė Slapšinskaitė-Dackevičienė & Nuno Leite, 2022. "Always Pay Attention to Which Model of Motor Learning You Are Using," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(2), pages 1-36, January.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:2:p:711-:d:720747
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jörg M. J♀ger & Jürgen Perl & I. Wolfgang Schöllhorn, 2007. "Analysis of players’ configurations by means of artificial neural networks," International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 7(3), pages 90-105, October.
    2. Sogand Poureghbali & Jorge Arede & Kathrin Rehfeld & Wolfgang Schöllhorn & Nuno Leite, 2020. "Want to Impact Physical, Technical, and Tactical Performance during Basketball Small-Sided Games in Youth Athletes? Try Differential Learning Beforehand," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(24), pages 1-12, December.
    3. Rollin McCraty & Mike Atkinson & Viktor Stolc & Abdullah A. Alabdulgader & Alfonsas Vainoras & Minvydas Ragulskis, 2017. "Synchronization of Human Autonomic Nervous System Rhythms with Geomagnetic Activity in Human Subjects," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-18, July.
    4. Christopher J Hasson & Zhaoran Zhang & Masaki O Abe & Dagmar Sternad, 2016. "Neuromotor Noise Is Malleable by Amplifying Perceived Errors," PLOS Computational Biology, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(8), pages 1-28, August.
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Johannes Burdack & Wolfgang I. Schöllhorn, 2022. "Cognitive Enhancement through Differential Rope Skipping after Math Lesson," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(1), pages 1-20, December.
    2. Alejandro Gutiérrez-Capote & Iker Madinabeitia & Elisa Torre & Francisco Alarcón & Jesús Jiménez-Martínez & David Cárdenas, 2023. "Changes in Perceived Mental Load and Motor Performance during Practice-to-Learn and Practice-to-Maintain in Basketball," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(5), pages 1-20, March.
    3. Miguel Valença & Diogo Coutinho & Wolfgang Schöllhorn & Nélson Ribeiro & Sara Santos, 2022. "Investigating the Effects of Differential Learning on Golfers’ Pitching Performance as a Function of Handicap," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(19), pages 1-18, October.
    4. Julius B. Apidogo & Johannes Burdack & Wolfgang I. Schöllhorn, 2022. "Learning Multiple Movements in Parallel—Accurately and in Random Order, or Each with Added Noise?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(17), pages 1-20, September.
    5. Hadi Abbaszadeh Ghanati & Amir Letafatkar & Sadredin Shojaedin & Malihe Hadadnezhad & Wolfgang I. Schöllhorn, 2022. "Comparing the Effects of Differential Learning, Self-Controlled Feedback, and External Focus of Attention Training on Biomechanical Risk Factors of Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) in Athletes: A Rand," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(16), pages 1-15, August.

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