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Air Pollutants in Metropolises of Eastern Coastal China

Author

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  • Mao Mao

    (School of Atmosphere and Remote Sensing, Wuxi University, Wuxi 214105, China
    Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China)

  • Liuxintian Rao

    (School of Atmosphere and Remote Sensing, Wuxi University, Wuxi 214105, China)

  • Huan Jiang

    (Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China)

  • Siqi He

    (School of Atmosphere and Remote Sensing, Wuxi University, Wuxi 214105, China)

  • Xiaolin Zhang

    (School of Atmosphere and Remote Sensing, Wuxi University, Wuxi 214105, China
    Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China)

Abstract

Recently released hourly particular matter (PM:PM 2.5 and PM 10 ) and gaseous pollutants (SO 2 , NO 2 , CO, and O 3 ) data observed in Qingdao, Hangzhou, and Xiamen from 2015 to 2019 were utilized to reveal the current situation of air pollution over eastern coastal China. The PM pollution situation over the three metropolises ameliorated during studied period with the concentrations decreasing about 20–30%. Gas pollutants, excepting SO 2 , generally exhibit no evident reduction tendencies, and a more rigorous control standard on gaseous pollutants is neededEven for the year 2018 with low pollution levels among the study period, these levels (<10% of PM 2.5 , <6% of PM 10 , and <15% of O 3 ) surpass the Grade II of the Chinese Ambient Air Quality Standard (CAAQS) over these metropolises of eastern coast China. No matter in which year, both SO 2 and CO concentrations are always below the Grade-II standards. According to the comparative analysis of PM 2.5 /PM 10 and PM 2.5 /CO during episode days and non-episode days, the formation of secondary aerosols associated with stagnant weather systems play an important role in the pollutant accumulation as haze episodes occurred. The stronger seasonal variations and higher magnitude occur in Qingdao and Hangzhou, while weaker seasonal variations and lower magnitudes occur in Xiamen. In Qingdao and Hangzhou, PM, NO 2 , SO 2 , and CO show relatively high levels in the cold wintertime and low levels in summer, whereas O 3 shows a completely opposite pattern. Xiamen exhibits high levels of all air pollutants except O 3 in spring due to its subtropical marine monsoon climate with mild winters. According to the back trajectory hierarchical clustering and concentration weighted trajectory (CWT) analysis, the regional transmission from adjacent cities has a significant impact on the atmospheric pollutant concentrations under the control of the prejudiced winds. Thus, besides local emission reduction, strengthening regional environmental cooperation and implementing joint prevention are effective measures to mitigate air pollution in the eastern coastal areas of China.

Suggested Citation

  • Mao Mao & Liuxintian Rao & Huan Jiang & Siqi He & Xiaolin Zhang, 2022. "Air Pollutants in Metropolises of Eastern Coastal China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(22), pages 1-16, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:22:p:15332-:d:978464
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Mao Mao & Xiaolin Zhang & Yan Yin, 2018. "Particulate Matter and Gaseous Pollutions in Three Metropolises along the Chinese Yangtze River: Situation and Implications," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-29, May.
    2. Mao Mao & Haofei Sun & Xiaolin Zhang, 2020. "Air Pollution Characteristics and Health Risks in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, China during Winter," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(24), pages 1-17, December.
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