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The First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic Strengthened the “Strong” and Weakened the “Weak” Ones

Author

Listed:
  • Albertas Skurvydas

    (Department of Rehabilitation, Physical and Sports Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Health Scences, Vilnius University, 21/27 M.K. Čiurlionio St., 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania)

  • Ausra Lisinskiene

    (Education Academy, Vytautas Magnus University, K. Donelaičio Str. 58, 44248 Kaunas, Lithuania
    Institute of Education Studies, Education Academy, Vytautas Magnus University, K. Donelaičio Str. 58, 44248 Kaunas, Lithuania)

  • Daiva Majauskiene

    (Department of Rehabilitation, Physical and Sports Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Health Scences, Vilnius University, 21/27 M.K. Čiurlionio St., 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
    Education Academy, Vytautas Magnus University, K. Donelaičio Str. 58, 44248 Kaunas, Lithuania)

  • Dovile Valanciene

    (Education Academy, Vytautas Magnus University, K. Donelaičio Str. 58, 44248 Kaunas, Lithuania)

  • Ruta Dadeliene

    (Department of Rehabilitation, Physical and Sports Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Health Scences, Vilnius University, 21/27 M.K. Čiurlionio St., 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania)

  • Natalja Istomina

    (Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, 21/27 M.K. Čiurlionio St., 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania)

  • Ieva Egle Jamontaite

    (Department of Rehabilitation, Physical and Sports Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Health Scences, Vilnius University, 21/27 M.K. Čiurlionio St., 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania)

  • Asta Sarkauskiene

    (Department of Sports Recreation and Tourism, Klaipėda University, HerkausMantost. 84, 92294 Klaipėda, Lithuania)

Abstract

The aim of this study was to explore how the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, during which contact communication was severely restricted, changed psychological health indicators, such as subjective assessment of health and depression, impulsivity, stress and emotional intelligence (EI) and how that depended on age, gender, physical activity (PA), sports specificity and body mass index (BMI).We surveyed 6369 before and 2392 people during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. The participants were aged 18–74 years. Participants completed the Danish Physical Activity Questionnaire (DPAQ), the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), the Schutte Self-Report Emotional Intelligence Test (SSREIT), Barratt Impulsiveness Scale Version 11 (BIS-11), subjective depression and health self-assessments. One-way and two-way analyses of variance (ANOVA) were performed to assess the effect of independent variables on the dependent variables of MVPA (METs). Statistical analysis showed that restrictions during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic did not alter moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), except for a significant decrease in MVPA in women aged 18–25 years, or body mass index in women and men of different ages. An increase in depression and impulsivity was observed, especially an increase in unplanned or spontaneous activity. The restrictions during the first wave increased stress in women of all ages and, rather unexpectedly, improved health self-assessment in men.The study showed that the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic affected people’s subjective assessment of health, depression, stress and impulsivity in two ways: it “weakened the weak ones” and “strengthened the strong ones”.

Suggested Citation

  • Albertas Skurvydas & Ausra Lisinskiene & Daiva Majauskiene & Dovile Valanciene & Ruta Dadeliene & Natalja Istomina & Ieva Egle Jamontaite & Asta Sarkauskiene, 2022. "The First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic Strengthened the “Strong” and Weakened the “Weak” Ones," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(21), pages 1-13, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:21:p:14523-:d:964141
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Xiaotao Zhang & Abiodun Oluyomi & LeChauncy Woodard & Syed Ahsan Raza & Maral Adel Fahmideh & Ola El-Mubasher & Jinyoung Byun & Younghun Han & Christopher I. Amos & Hoda Badr, 2021. "Individual-Level Determinants of Lifestyle Behavioral Changes during COVID-19 Lockdown in the United States: Results of an Online Survey," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(8), pages 1-15, April.
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    4. Arthur A Stone & Joan E Broderick & Diana Wang & Stefan Schneider, 2020. "Age patterns in subjective well-being are partially accounted for by psychological and social factors associated with aging," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(12), pages 1-12, December.
    5. Albertas Skurvydas & Ausra Lisinskiene & Marc Lochbaum & Daiva Majauskiene & Dovile Valanciene & Ruta Dadeliene & Natalja Fatkulina & Asta Sarkauskiene, 2021. "Did COVID-19 Pandemic Change People’s Physical Activity Distribution, Eating, and Alcohol Consumption Habits as well as Body Mass Index?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(23), pages 1-10, November.
    6. Chris Kite & Lukasz Lagojda & Cain C. T. Clark & Olalekan Uthman & Francesca Denton & Gordon McGregor & Amy E. Harwood & Lou Atkinson & David R. Broom & Ioannis Kyrou & Harpal S. Randeva, 2021. "Changes in Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour Due to Enforced COVID-19-Related Lockdown and Movement Restrictions: A Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(10), pages 1-10, May.
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