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20 Years of ICF—International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health: Uses and Applications around the World

Author

Listed:
  • Matilde Leonardi

    (Neurology, Public Health, Disability Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy)

  • Haejung Lee

    (Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health and Welfare, Silla University, Busan 46958, Korea)

  • Nenad Kostanjsek

    (Classification, Terminology and Standards Unit, World Health Organization (WHO), 1211 Geneva, Switzerland)

  • Arianna Fornari

    (Neurology, Public Health, Disability Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy)

  • Alberto Raggi

    (Neurology, Public Health, Disability Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy)

  • Andrea Martinuzzi

    (Department of Conegliano-Pieve di Soligo, IRCCS E. Medea Scientific Institute, 31015 Conegliano, Italy)

  • Manuel Yáñez

    (General Directorate of Health Information and Research, Ministry of Health, Mexico City 03100, Mexico)

  • Ann-Helene Almborg

    (National Board of Health and Welfare, 10333 Stockholm, Sweden)

  • Magdalena Fresk

    (National Board of Health and Welfare, 10333 Stockholm, Sweden)

  • Yanina Besstrashnova

    (Albrecht Federal Scientific Centre of Rehabilitation of the Disabled, 195067 St. Petersburg, Russia)

  • Alexander Shoshmin

    (Albrecht Federal Scientific Centre of Rehabilitation of the Disabled, 195067 St. Petersburg, Russia)

  • Shamyr Sulyvan Castro

    (Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal do Ceará—UFC, Fortaleza 60020-181, Brazil)

  • Eduardo Santana Cordeiro

    (International Society of Experts and Researchers on Functioning and the ICF, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-220, Brazil)

  • Marie Cuenot

    (School of Public Health, École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique (EHESP), 35043 Rennes, France)

  • Christine Haas

    (Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany)

  • Soraya Maart

    (Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa)

  • Thomas Maribo

    (Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
    DEFACTUM, Corporate Quality-Central Denmark Region, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark)

  • Janice Miller

    (Canadian Institute for Health Information (CIHI), Ottawa, ON K2A 4H6, Canada)

  • Masahiko Mukaino

    (Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1101, Aichi, Japan)

  • Stefanus Snyman

    (Centre for Community Technologies, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha 6019, South Africa
    WHO-FIC Collaborating Centre, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town 8000, South Africa)

  • Ulrike Trinks

    (The German Institute for Medical Documentation and Information (DIMDI), 51149 Cologne, Germany)

  • Heidi Anttila

    (Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), 00271 Helsinki, Finland)

  • Jaana Paltamaa

    (School of Health and Social Studies, JAMK University of Applied Sciences, 40200 Jyväskylä, Finland)

  • Patricia Saleeby

    (Department of Sociology, Criminology, and Social Work, Bradley University, Peoria, IL 61625, USA)

  • Lucilla Frattura

    (Classification Area, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, 34128 Trieste, Italy)

  • Ros Madden

    (Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia)

  • Catherine Sykes

    (Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia)

  • Coen H. van Gool

    (National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3721 Bilthoven, The Netherlands)

  • Jakub Hrkal

    (Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic, 128 01 Prague, Czech Republic)

  • Miroslav Zvolský

    (Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic, 128 01 Prague, Czech Republic)

  • Petra Sládková

    (Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic, 128 01 Prague, Czech Republic)

  • Marie Vikdal

    (Centre Head of NordClass, Department of Classifications and Terminology in Healthcare, The Norwegian Directorate of e-Health, 0277 Oslo, Norway)

  • Guðrún Auður Harðardóttir

    (Directorate of Health, 105 Reykjavik, Iceland)

  • Josephine Foubert

    (Census and Disability Analysis Office for National Statistics, Swyddfa Ystadegau Gwladol, Newport SA42, UK)

  • Robert Jakob

    (Classification, Terminology and Standards Unit, World Health Organization (WHO), 1211 Geneva, Switzerland)

  • Michaela Coenen

    (Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology-IBE, Chair of Public Health and Health Services Research, LMU Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
    Pettenkofer School of Public Health, 80539 Munich, Germany)

  • Olaf Kraus de Camargo

    (CanChild—Centre for Childhood Disability Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada)

Abstract

The International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health (ICF) was approved in 2001 and, since then, several studies reported the increased interest about its use in different sectors. A recent overview that summarizes its applications is lacking. This study aims to provide an updated overview about 20 years of ICF application through an international online questionnaire, developed by the byline authors, and sent to each World Health Organization Collaborating Centers of the Family of International Classifications (WHO-FIC CCs). Data was collected during October 2020 and December 2021 and descriptive content analyses were used to report main results. Results show how, in most of the respondent countries represented by WHO-FIC CCs, ICF was mainly used in clinical practice, policy development and social policy, and in education areas. Despite its applications in different sectors, ICF use is not mandatory in most countries but, where used, it provides a biopsychosocial framework for policy development in health, functioning and disability. The study provides information about the needs related to ICF applications, that can be useful to organize targeted intervention plans. Furthermore, this survey methodology can be re-proposed periodically to monitor the use of the ICF in the future.

Suggested Citation

  • Matilde Leonardi & Haejung Lee & Nenad Kostanjsek & Arianna Fornari & Alberto Raggi & Andrea Martinuzzi & Manuel Yáñez & Ann-Helene Almborg & Magdalena Fresk & Yanina Besstrashnova & Alexander Shoshmi, 2022. "20 Years of ICF—International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health: Uses and Applications around the World," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(18), pages 1-16, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:18:p:11321-:d:910423
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Bickenbach, Jerome E. & Chatterji, Somnath & Badley, E. M. & Üstün, T. B., 1999. "Models of disablement, universalism and the international classification of impairments, disabilities and handicaps," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 48(9), pages 1173-1187, May.
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