IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v19y2022i17p11074-d906425.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Exposure to Ochratoxin A from Rice Consumption in Lebanon and United Arab Emirates: A Comparative Study

Author

Listed:
  • Hussein F. Hassan

    (Nutrition Program, Natural Sciences Department, Lebanese American University, Beirut P.O. Box 13-5053, Lebanon)

  • Alissar Abou Ghaida

    (Nutrition Program, Natural Sciences Department, Lebanese American University, Beirut P.O. Box 13-5053, Lebanon)

  • Abeer Charara

    (Nutrition Program, Natural Sciences Department, Lebanese American University, Beirut P.O. Box 13-5053, Lebanon)

  • Hani Dimassi

    (School of Pharmacy, Lebanese American University, Byblos P.O. Box 36, Lebanon)

  • Hussein Faour

    (Biology Program, Natural Sciences Department, Lebanese American University, Beirut P.O. Box 13-5053, Lebanon)

  • Rayan Nahouli

    (Biology Program, Natural Sciences Department, Lebanese American University, Beirut P.O. Box 13-5053, Lebanon)

  • Layal Karam

    (Human Nutrition Department, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar)

  • Nisreen Alwan

    (College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi 59911, United Arab Emirates)

Abstract

Our study aims to evaluate the ochratoxin A (OTA) in rice marketed in Lebanon and the United Arab Emirates (UAE), and to determine the exposure to OTA from rice consumption. All brands available in the market were collected twice (total number of collected samples: 105 and 127 in Lebanon and the UAE, respectively). Using ELISA, the OTA in 56 (53%) samples in Lebanon and 73 (58%) samples in the UAE were above the limit of quantification (0.8 μg/kg). The average concentrations of the positive samples ± standard deviations were 1.29 ± 0.32 and 1.40 ± 0.42 μg/kg in Lebanon and the UAE, respectively. Only one sample (1%) in Lebanon had a level at the borderline of the European Union (EU) limit, and two samples (1.6%) in the UAE had a level above the EU limit (5 μg/kg). The OTA in brown rice was higher than in white and parboiled rice for both countries, yet the difference was not significant. The packing season, packing country, and country of origin did not have any significant effects. The presence of a food safety certification resulted in lower OTA in the rice, but the difference was significant ( p = 0.04) in the UAE only. Long grains had higher OTA than short grains, yet the difference was only significant in Lebanon ( p = 0.046). The exposures were calculated as 1.27 ng/kg body weight/day in Lebanon and 1.42 ng/kg body weight/day in the UAE, and no health risk was observed for both the neoplastic and non-neoplastic effects.

Suggested Citation

  • Hussein F. Hassan & Alissar Abou Ghaida & Abeer Charara & Hani Dimassi & Hussein Faour & Rayan Nahouli & Layal Karam & Nisreen Alwan, 2022. "Exposure to Ochratoxin A from Rice Consumption in Lebanon and United Arab Emirates: A Comparative Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(17), pages 1-9, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:17:p:11074-:d:906425
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/17/11074/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/17/11074/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Trienekens, Jacques & Zuurbier, Peter, 2008. "Quality and safety standards in the food industry, developments and challenges," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 113(1), pages 107-122, May.
    2. Ahmad Alshannaq & Jae-Hyuk Yu, 2017. "Occurrence, Toxicity, and Analysis of Major Mycotoxins in Food," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-20, June.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Nisreen Alwan & Haneen Bou Ghanem & Hani Dimassi & Layal Karam & Hussein F. Hassan, 2022. "Exposure Assessment of Aflatoxin B1 through Consumption of Rice in the United Arab Emirates," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(22), pages 1-11, November.
    2. Hussein F. Hassan & Hadeel Tashani & Farah Ballouk & Rouaa Daou & André El Khoury & Mohamad G. Abiad & Ali AlKhatib & Mahdi Hassan & Sami El Khatib & Hani Dimassi, 2023. "Aflatoxins and Ochratoxin A in Tea Sold in Lebanon: Effects of Type, Packaging, and Origin," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(16), pages 1-10, August.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Fracarolli Nunes, Mauro & Lee Park, Camila & Shin, Hyunju, 2021. "Corporate social and environmental irresponsibilities in supply chains, contamination, and damage of intangible resources: A behavioural approach," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 241(C).
    2. Tomas Dropa & Zbynek Dzuman & Petra Jonatova, 2021. "Mycotoxins in oat flakes - changes during production and occurrence on the Czech market," Czech Journal of Food Sciences, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 39(2), pages 131-139.
    3. Ganjar Alfian & Muhammad Syafrudin & Jongtae Rhee, 2017. "Real-Time Monitoring System Using Smartphone-Based Sensors and NoSQL Database for Perishable Supply Chain," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(11), pages 1-17, November.
    4. Blind, Knut & Mangelsdorf, Axel & Pohlisch, Jakob, 2018. "The effects of cooperation in accreditation on international trade: Empirical evidence on ISO 9000 certifications," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 198(C), pages 50-59.
    5. Annika Djurle & Beth Young & Anna Berlin & Ivar Vågsholm & Anne-Lie Blomström & Jim Nygren & Anders Kvarnheden, 2022. "Addressing biohazards to food security in primary production," Food Security: The Science, Sociology and Economics of Food Production and Access to Food, Springer;The International Society for Plant Pathology, vol. 14(6), pages 1475-1497, December.
    6. Shashi & Rajwinder Singh & Piera Centobelli & Roberto Cerchione, 2018. "Evaluating Partnerships in Sustainability-Oriented Food Supply Chain: A Five-Stage Performance Measurement Model," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-18, December.
    7. Fabio Gaetano Santeramo & Emilia Lamonaca, 2019. "The Effects of Non‐tariff Measures on Agri‐food Trade: A Review and Meta‐analysis of Empirical Evidence," Journal of Agricultural Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 70(3), pages 595-617, September.
    8. Bailey, Alison P. & Garforth, Chris, 2014. "An industry viewpoint on the role of farm assurance in delivering food safety to the consumer: The case of the dairy sector of England and Wales," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 14-24.
    9. Yong Wang & Xudong Deng & Qian Lu & Mingke Guan & Fen Lu & Xiaochang Wu, 2023. "Developing Platform Supply Chain Contract Coordination and a Numerical Analysis Considering Fresh-Keeping Services," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-20, September.
    10. Mahdi Ghodsi & Julia Grübler & Leon Podkaminer & Oliver Reiter, 2016. "Monthly Report No. 6/2016," wiiw Monthly Reports 2016-06, The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, wiiw.
    11. Jesús Hernández-Rubio & Juan C. Pérez-Mesa & Laura Piedra-Muñoz & Emilio Galdeano-Gómez, 2018. "Determinants of Food Safety Level in Fruit and Vegetable Wholesalers’ Supply Chain: Evidence from Spain and France," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-15, October.
    12. Rong, Aiying & Akkerman, Renzo & Grunow, Martin, 2011. "An optimization approach for managing fresh food quality throughout the supply chain," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 131(1), pages 421-429, May.
    13. JIANG, Qijun & FLORKOWSKI, Wojciech Jan, 2021. "Factors Limiting Quality Assurance Program Implementation In Food Manufacturing Companies In Shanghai, China," Review of Agricultural and Applied Economics (RAAE), Faculty of Economics and Management, Slovak Agricultural University in Nitra, vol. 24(1), March.
    14. Wiegmann, Paul Moritz & de Vries, Henk J. & Blind, Knut, 2017. "Multi-mode standardisation: A critical review and a research agenda," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 46(8), pages 1370-1386.
    15. Schreiner, Julia A., 2014. "Farmers’ Valuation of Incentives to Produce GMO-free Milk: A Discrete Choice Experiment," 2014 International European Forum, February 17-21, 2014, Innsbruck-Igls, Austria 199373, International European Forum on System Dynamics and Innovation in Food Networks.
    16. Guowei Liu & Jianxiong Zhang & Wansheng Tang, 2015. "Joint dynamic pricing and investment strategy for perishable foods with price-quality dependent demand," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 226(1), pages 397-416, March.
    17. Raut, Rakesh D. & Gardas, Bhaskar B. & Narwane, Vaibhav S. & Narkhede, Balkrishna E., 2019. "Improvement in the food losses in fruits and vegetable supply chain - a perspective of cold third-party logistics approach," Operations Research Perspectives, Elsevier, vol. 6(C).
    18. Z. Wang & H. J. van der Fels‐Klerx & A. G. J. M. Oude Lansink, 2020. "Optimization of Sampling for Monitoring Chemicals in the Food Supply Chain Using a Risk‐Based Approach: The Case of Aflatoxins and Dioxins in the Dutch Dairy Chain," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 40(12), pages 2539-2560, December.
    19. Thi Huong Tran, 2018. "Critical factors and enablers of food quality and safety compliance risk management in the Vietnamese seafood supply chain," Papers 1805.12109, arXiv.org.
    20. Daniel W. M. Chan & Matteo Cristofaro & Hala Nassereddine & Nicole S. N. Yiu & Hadi Sarvari, 2021. "Perceptions of Safety Climate in Construction Projects between Workers and Managers/Supervisors in the Developing Country of Iran," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-18, September.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:17:p:11074-:d:906425. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.