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Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Soil at Different Depths under a Long-Term Experiment Depending on Fertilization

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  • Sławomir Józef Krzebietke

    (Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland)

  • Ewa Mackiewicz-Walec

    (Department of Agrotechnology and Agribusiness, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland)

  • Stanisław Sienkiewicz

    (Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland)

  • Jadwiga Wierzbowska

    (Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland)

  • Dariusz Załuski

    (Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Biofeedstock Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-724, Olsztyn, Poland)

  • Agata Borowik

    (Department of Soil Science and Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland)

Abstract

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of long-term fertilization with manure and mineral fertilizers on the content and distribution of selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)—the content of a sum of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, light and heavy PAHs in two soil layers (0–30 cm and 30–60 cm). The material for the study was composed of soil samples collected from the sixth rotation in a long-term, controlled field experiment, conducted in Bałcyny since 1986. The content of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was determined on a gas chromatographer coupled with an FID detector. In order to evaluate the significance of differences between the mean effects on the tested characteristics, a non-parametric Mann–Whitney U test for two independent samples was applied. A higher content of the sum (16) of PAHs was found in the 0–30 cm than in the 30–60 cm soil layer. The research results also demonstrated a higher content of the sum of light PAHs in the 30–60 cm than in the 0–30 cm soil layer. The content of heavy PAHs, in turn, was significantly higher in the upper than in the deeper soil layer. This dependence appeared in both the soil fertilized with manure and soil nourished only with mineral fertilizers.

Suggested Citation

  • Sławomir Józef Krzebietke & Ewa Mackiewicz-Walec & Stanisław Sienkiewicz & Jadwiga Wierzbowska & Dariusz Załuski & Agata Borowik, 2022. "Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Soil at Different Depths under a Long-Term Experiment Depending on Fertilization," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(16), pages 1-13, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:16:p:10460-:d:894829
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Haihua Jiao & Qi Wang & Nana Zhao & Bo Jin & Xuliang Zhuang & Zhihui Bai, 2017. "Distributions and Sources of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Soils around a Chemical Plant in Shanxi, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-19, October.
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    Cited by:

    1. Ewa Mackiewicz-Walec & Sławomir Józef Krzebietke & Stanisław Sienkiewicz, 2022. "The Influence of Crops on the Content of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Soil Fertilized with Manure and Mineral Fertilizers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(20), pages 1-14, October.
    2. Haolong Cai & Siyu Yao & Jiahui Huang & Xiongkai Zheng & Jianteng Sun & Xueqin Tao & Guining Lu, 2022. "Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Pollution Characteristics in Agricultural Soils of the Pearl River Delta Region, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(23), pages 1-13, December.

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