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Self-Reported Periodontal Disease and Its Association with SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Author

Listed:
  • Israel Guardado-Luevanos

    (Postgraduate in Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44100, Mexico)

  • Ronell Bologna-Molina

    (Molecular Pathology Area, Faculty of Dentistry, Montevideo Republic University, Montevideo 11200, Uruguay
    Research Department, School of Dentistry, Juarez University of the State of Durango, Durango 34100, Mexico)

  • José Sergio Zepeda-Nuño

    (Microbiology and Pathology Department, Pathology Laboratory, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44100, Mexico)

  • Mario Isiordia-Espinoza

    (Clinical Department, Biomedical Science Division, Los Altos University Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44100, Mexico)

  • Nelly Molina-Frechero

    (Health Care Department, Autonomous Metropolitan University, Mexico City 14387, Mexico)

  • Rogelio González-González

    (Research Department, School of Dentistry, Juarez University of the State of Durango, Durango 34100, Mexico)

  • Mauricio Pérez-Pérez

    (Periodontology Postgraduate, Comprehensive Dental Clinics Department, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44100, Mexico)

  • Sandra López-Verdín

    (Research Institute of Dentistry, Comprehensive Dental Clinics Department, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44100, Mexico)

Abstract

Introduction : Knowledge of the oral manifestations associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, the new coronavirus causing the COVID-19 pandemic, was hindered due to the restrictions issued to avoid proximity between people and to stop the rapid spread of the disease, which ultimately results in a hyperinflammatory cytokine storm that can cause death. Because periodontal disease is one of the most frequent inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity, various theories have emerged postulating periodontal disease as a risk factor for developing severe complications associated with COVID-19. This motivated various studies to integrate questions related to periodontal status. For the present work, we used a previously validated self-report, which is a useful tool for facilitating epidemiological studies of periodontal disease on a large scale. Methodology : A blinded case-control study with participants matched 1:1 by mean age (37.7 years), sex, tobacco habits and diseases was conducted. After the diagnostic samples for SARS-CoV-2 detection were taken in an ad hoc location at Guadalajara University, the subjects were interviewed using structured questionnaires to gather demographic, epidemiological and COVID-19 symptom information. The self-reported periodontal disease (Self-RPD) questionnaire included six questions, and subjects who met the criteria with a score ≥ 2 were considered to have periodontal disease. Results : In total, 369 participants were recruited, with 117 participants included in each group. After indicating the subjects who had self-reported periodontal disease, a statistically significant difference ( p value ≤ 0.001) was observed, showing that self-reported periodontal disease (n = 95, 85.1%) was higher in SARS-CoV-2-positive individuals than in controls (n = 66, 56.4%), with an OR of 3.3 (1.8–6.0) for SARS-CoV-2 infection in people with self-reported periodontal disease. Cases reported a statistically higher median of symptoms (median = 7.0, Q 1 = 5.5, Q 3 = 10.0) than controls ( p value ≤ 0.01), and cases with positive self-RPD had a significantly ( p value ≤ 0.05) higher number of symptoms (median = 8.0, Q 1 = 6.0, Q 3 = 10.0) in comparison with those who did negative self-RPD (median = 6.0, Q 1 = 5.0, Q 3 = 8.0). Conclusions : According to this study, self-reported periodontal disease could be considered a risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection, and these individuals present more symptoms.

Suggested Citation

  • Israel Guardado-Luevanos & Ronell Bologna-Molina & José Sergio Zepeda-Nuño & Mario Isiordia-Espinoza & Nelly Molina-Frechero & Rogelio González-González & Mauricio Pérez-Pérez & Sandra López-Verdín, 2022. "Self-Reported Periodontal Disease and Its Association with SARS-CoV-2 Infection," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(16), pages 1-9, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:16:p:10306-:d:892127
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Roberto Lo Giudice, 2020. "The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2) in Dentistry. Management of Biological Risk in Dental Practice," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(9), pages 1-12, April.
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